Degradation Potential of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase from Crude Extract ofStenotrophomonas maltophiliaStrain KB2 Immobilized in Calcium Alginate Hydrogels and on Glyoxyl Agarose

Abstract

Microbial intradiol dioxygenases have been shown to have a great potential for bioremediation; however, their structure is sensitive to various environmental and chemical agents. Immobilization techniques allow for the improvement of enzyme properties. This is the first report on use of glyoxyl agarose and calcium alginate as matrixes for the immobilization of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Multipoint attachment of the enzyme to the carrier caused maintenance of its initial activity during the 21 days. Immobilization of dioxygenase in calcium alginate or on glyoxyl agarose resulted in decrease in the optimum temperature by 5°C and 10°C, respectively. Entrapment of the enzyme in alginate gel shifted its optimum pH towards high-alkaline pH while immobilization of the enzyme on glyoxyl agarose did not influence pH profile of the enzyme. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioygenase immobilized in calcium alginate showed increased activity towards 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, caffeic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate. Slightly lower activity of the enzyme was observed after its immobilization on glyoxyl agarose. Entrapment of the enzyme in alginate gel protected it against chelators and aliphatic alcohols while its immobilization on glyoxyl agarose enhanced enzyme resistance to inactivation by metal ions.

Characterization of a protocatechuate catabolic gene cluster in Rhodococcus ruber OA1 involved in naphthalene degradation

“…Romero-Silva et al (2013) reported that B u r k h o l d e r i a x e n o v o r a n s L B 4 0 0 d e g r a d e s 4 -hydroxybenzoate via the protocatechuate pathway catalyzed by 3,4-PCD. Guzik et al (2014) even found that 3, 4-PCD from S. maltophilia KB2, immobilized in calcium alginate, increased the activities degrading 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, caffeic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate. Our results for 3,4-PCD in R. ruber OA1 should facilitate further research into 3,4-PCD in Gram-positive bacteria, such as Rhodococcus.…”

Isolation and identification of Bacillus megaterium YB3 from an effluent contaminated site efficiently degrades pyrene

“…a and b). As the enzyme responsible for pyrene degradation may also act extracellularly that is why some of the workers have also suggested the use of immobilized enzyme for initial degradation of aromatic contaminants .…”

Plasma polymerization of pyrrole and aniline on polyurethane foams for microorganism immobilization and wastewater treatment

“…Recently, the microorganism immobilization method has been considered for bioremediation, including wastewater treatment. Immobilization can be defined as limiting the mobility of microorganisms or their enzymes with preservation of their viability and catalytic functions [8][9][10]; this can be achieved by forming a biofilm on the surface of a synthetic or natural support [11], therefore the physical and chemical properties of support material is of particular importance, specially factors as specific surface area, porosity, the surface homogeneity, and biocompatibility/ non-toxicity with the immobilized microorganisms, besides the consideration of low cost, raw materials availability and easy synthesis/preparation [12,13]. By increasing the availability of the substrates for the microorganisms, and a better interaction between substrates and the immobilized cells, synergistically results in an increase of the degradation rate of organic matter [14].…”