Degrading high-strength phenol using aerobic granular sludge

Abstract

Aerobic granules were adopted to degrade high-strength phenol wastewater in batch experiments. The acclimated granules effectively degraded phenol at a concentration of up to 5,000 mg l(-1) without severe inhibitory effects. The biodegradation of phenol by activated sludge was inhibited at phenol concentrations >3,000 mg l(-1). The granules were composed of cells embedded in a compact extracellular matrix. After acid or alkaline pretreatment, the granules continued to degrade phenol at an acceptable rate. The polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique was employed to monitor the microbial communities of the activated sludge and the aerobic granules following their being used to treat high concentrations of phenol in batch tests.

Functional consortia for cresol-degrading activated sludges: Toxicity-to-extinction approach

“…The complete reaction mixture contained 10 mM catechol, 50 mM phosphate buffer, and 50 ll crude enzyme extract, with a total volume of 1 ml. Specific enzyme Microbial community structures of sludge were analyzed using DGGE according to the procedure described by Ho et al (2010). Genomic DNA was extracted from sludge and then employed as the template for partial polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rRNA sequencing.…”

Biohydrogen from cellulosic feedstock: Dilution-to-stimulation approach

“…Microbial community structure and diversity were observed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) according to methods described by Ho et al [16]. The DNA of cells in the original and diluted samples was extracted and their partial 16S rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR using a pair of universal primers 341fGC (50 0 -CGC CCG CCG CGC GCG GCG GGC GGG GCG GGG GCA CGG GGG GCC TAC GGG AGG CAG CAG-30 0 ) and 534r (50 0 -ATT ACC GCG GCT GCT GG -30 0 ).…”

Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Biogranules Under Intermittent Anaerobic/Aerobic Reaction Phase

“…Different types of bacteria such as acidifying bacteria (Lens et al, 2003), autotroph nitrifying bacteria (Shi et al, 2010), denitrifying bacteria and aerobic heterotrophs (Eiroa et al, 2004) have been used in cultivating the microbial granular sludge. Aerobic granule technology has been applied for treating different types of contaminants such as nitrogen, chloroaniline, high strength phenol and phosphorus (Qin and Liu, 2006;Zhu et al, 2007;Ho et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010).…”