Degree of utilization and specific effective surface area of electrocatalysts in porous electrodes

New evaluation method for the effectiveness of platinum/carbon electrocatalysts under operating conditions

“…For example, Giner and Hunter initially showed the effect of "Tafel slope doubling" for the ORR in porous gas diffusion electrodes due to the effect of hindered gas transport within flooded agglomerates [30]. Mund and Sturm used the term "degree of utilization" for electrochemical applications in general, defined as the "relation between transport-controlled current density of a catalyst and the ideal current density" [31]. Interestingly, these authors specifically addressed the question of minimizing the amounts of expensive catalysts.…”

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants by boron-doped diamond based on porous titanium

“…(4) reduces the amount of Å OH for electrochemical oxidation to some degree. On the other hand, there is the degree of utilization and specific effective surface area obtained on porous electrode [43], which weaken the advantage of porous electrode. When the reaction is controlled by the mass transport of reactants to the electrode surface, the surface of electrode cannot be exploited completely.…”

Optimization and modelling of fuel cell electrodes with emphasis upon catalyst utilization ageing phenomena and ageing prevention

“…If physically discernable catalyst particles or their agglomerates are small com pared to the electrode thickness, such as for instance in Raney-nickel anodes accord ing to Mund (Mund et al 1977;Mund & Sturm 1975) the first step in modelling concentrates on calculating reactant concentration profiles (figure 5a) in catalyst particles and to determine from the depletion of the reactant the degree of utiliza tion of the catalyst at a given overpotential, neglecting any potential changes within the electrode and electrolyte phase (Yang et al 1990;Cutlip et al 1991). The next step includes calculating the ohmic potential drops parallel to the electric current perpendicular to the electrode surface.…”