Dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural by combining Lewis and Brønsted acid

Abstract

In this work, glucose was transformed into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) in the presence of AlCl3·6H2O and a Brønsted solid acid catalyst (PTSA–POM).

Acid‐Catalyzed Conversion of Carbohydrates into Value‐Added Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Ionic Liquids

“…Ad ownside of the synthesis of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural is the use of concentratedh ydrochloric acid and an organochlorine solvent, both of which detract from the elegance of the process and which require as olution to reduce the environmental footprint thereof.A ttempts to produce 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural in high yield directly from carbohydrates are restricted to the use of fructose, glucose, and food-grade di-or oligosaccharides (e.g.,s ucrose and starch);t his leaves room for improvement in future developments. [103][104][105][106]…”

Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates into 5‐Ethoxymethylfurfural by a Magnetic Solid Acid Using γ‐Valerolactone as a Co‐Solvent

“…The results indicates that in this system, GVL promotes the dehydration of fructose into HMF and the subsequent etherification of EMF with ethanol, reducing the extent of side reactions. The GVL solvent may provide a more hydrophobic environment than ethanol, which can separate products from fructose material and reduce the formation of humins, therefore increasing the EMF yield . As a result, it was beneficial to use a co‐solvent (GVL) to improve the yield of the target product.…”

Synthesis of different structured FePO4 for the enhanced conversion of methyl cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…[3][4][5] 5-HMF, as a platform chemical, can be converted into valuable chemicals and fuels such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 2,5dimethylfuran, and levulinic acid. [6][7][8][9][10] Compared with fructose and glucose, cellulose composed of linear glucose polymer chains is an ideal feedstock for the synthesis of 5-HMF due to its low cost and abundant resources. 11,12 However, the poor solubility of cellulose and the formation of humins in aqueous media and organic solvents leads to the inferior conversion of cellulose and the low yield of 5-HMF in the catalytic system assisted with mineral acid.…”