Dehydration of Xylose and Xylan to Furfural using P‐Zr‐SBA‐15 Catalyst in Aqueous or Biphasic System

Abstract

A series of bifunctional P‐Zr‐SBA‐15 catalysts with Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites were prepared by modifying mesoporous material SBA‐15 with Zr4+ and phosphate group, which were used in the conversion of xylose and xylan into furfural. The structure and acidic characteristics of the catalyst were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption desorption, scanning/transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, NH3 temperature programmed desorption, and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different process parameters on the catalytic performance of the catalyst were studied. when using the xylose and xylan as substrates, the furfural yield were 80.3 % and 68.8 % under the optimal conditions in the H2O(NaCl)/toluene (3/3 mL) biphasic solvent system, respectively, and 52.5 % furfural yield was obtained using xylose as substrate in aqueous system. In addition, the catalyst has good thermal stability and easy recovery in the recycling experiment.

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

“…23 The appearance of Lewis acid is believed to benefit the isomerization of sugar for the titled reaction. 24 In addition, the absorption tail in the sample containing Sn extends to 350 nm, indicating the presence of a small amount of Sn in the form of hexacoordinated SnO 2 .…”

“…Electrons in Sn tend to be attracted to oxygen atoms due to the electronegativity difference, resulting in Lewis acid sites on Sn 4+ . The appearance of Lewis acid is believed to benefit the isomerization of sugar for the titled reaction . In addition, the absorption tail in the sample containing Sn extends to 350 nm, indicating the presence of a small amount of Sn in the form of hexacoordinated SnO 2 .…”