Deinstitutionalization of the Mental Health Care System and Analysis of the Incidence and Prevalence of Mental Illness in the Population of Different Countries of the World and Ukraine

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to study the problems of mental health of the population of Ukraine in the organization of psychiatric care and the comparative experience of the European Union. The methods used in the work are: bibliosemantic, historical, content analysis. The article is devoted to the problem of mental health in Ukraine and in the EU countries. Statistics in Ukraine show an increase in mental disorders due to many problems: war, displacement of people, which is a great burden for the country. The WHO pays great attention in this direction: it analyzes each country and provides recommendations, an action plan, examples of other countries that have experience in improving mental health and quickly resolving issues. According to our observations, it was found that men in the period 2018–2020 were more likely to be treated and treated in psychiatric hospitals from 67,2% to 65,3%, respectively, as well as treated in day psychiatric hospitals from 57,3% to 59,4% respectively. At the same time, women underwent outpatient treatment for the same period from 78,9% to 81,0%, respectively, while less treatment was provided in psychiatric hospitals from 32,8% to 34,7%, respectively. People living in rural areas, as well as abroad, seek treatment less often than urban population and prefer inpatient psychiatric care due to poor transport links and lack of specialists in their place of residence. The European Union legislation is focused on decentralization of the mental health care system, development of community-based mental health services with social integration of patients (education, accommodation) at the level of the territorial community, capacity building and competent personnel with the introduction of a system of accreditation and certification of mental health professionals, as well as restructuring of state funding for specialized mental health care services, which is defined by the measure. Compliance with regulatory and legal issues in the treatment of persons with mental disorders. Implementation of deinstitutionalization in Ukraine in accordance with the experience of EU countries: reducing the number of places in psychoneurological hospitals, creating conditions for alternative treatment of mental patients in primary health care, in psychiatric departments in general hospitals, in day hospitals, in crisis centers, mental health centers. Adequate, decent, fair funding of the mental health care system. Improving the quality, volume, and timeliness of medical services in both urban and rural areas is one of the priority tasks of health care in every country in the world. In order for doctors to work in rural communities, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for them: provide housing, transportation, decent salaries, satisfaction with work, life in this community, etc.