Deixis and anaphora

A corpus-based analysis of do so anaphora in fictional and non-fictional English

“…Kehler and Ward 1999, among others) or that the use of do so is dependent on the voice or category differences between the antecedent and the do so clause (cf. Stirling and Huddleston 2002). Most of the literature on do so has dealt with these and other semantic and syntactic factors that drive the use of the construction although there are also studies of the construction in real data (cf.…”

“…[Houser 2010: 7] (8) I ate my sandwich in one sitting, but did Grant do so? [Houser 2010: 14] Even if the most common manifestation of the construction is precisely the form do so, some authors have noted a case of inversion in the positioning whereby the constituents of the combination are reversed (see Hankamer and Sag 1976, Stirling and Huddleston 2002: 1532, Kehler and Ward 2004. As illustrated in (9) and (10), this can happen in both to-infinitive constructions and gerund-participles.…”

“…Stirling andHuddleston 2002, Culicover andJackendoff 2005). Most interest in do so anaphora has therefore been generated by the study of its categorical -i.e.…”

“…semantic, and grammatical -that determine the use of the construction. It has been argued, for instance, that the extent of application of do so anaphora depends principally on factors such as: (a) non-stativity of the antecedent (Lakoff 1966); (b) antecedent not headed by be (Levin 1986); (c) coreferentiality of subjects in the antecedent and do so clauses (Souesme 1987); (d) adjunct status of any "orphan" in the do so clause (Culicover and Jackendoff 2005); (e) non-contrastive status of any adjunct in the do so clause (Stirling and Huddleston 2002); (f) antecedent embedded rather than matrix predicate (Levin 1986); (g) voice or category differences between antecedent and the do so clause (Stirling and Huddleston 2002); and (h) adverse connotations of the antecedent (Bolinger 1970).…”

Automated classification of unexpected uses of this and that in a learner corpus of English

“…Biber et al (1999: 347) distinguish the use of demonstratives according to the notion of distance: "In addition to marking something as known, the demonstrative forms specify whether the referent is near or distant in relation to the addressee". Stirling (2002Stirling ( : 1504 endorses the same vision and adds a distinction between the dependent and independent uses of the demonstratives together with their deictic and anaphoric uses. Halliday and Hasan (1976: 56-68) encompass the same notions and integrate them within the system of endophoric and exophoric reference.…”