Delamination Detection in Polymeric Ablative Materials Using Pulse-Compression Thermography and Air-Coupled Ultrasound

Laureti, Stefano; Rizwan, Muhammad Khalid; Malekmohammadi, Hamed; Burrascano, Pietro; Natali, Maurizio; Torre, Luigi; Rallini, Marco; Puri, Ivan; Hutchins, David A.; Ricci, Marco

doi:10.3390/s19092198

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…In this framework, the use of coded modulated heating stimuli in combination with the pulse-compression technique, also known as PuCT or thermal wave radar imaging [34], has proved to be a beneficial and robust NDT method in which a given heat amount is delivered to the SUT by spreading it over an arbitrarily long time period so as to limit the heat peak power below a certain value [35]. Thanks to the pulse-compression technique, almost the same information of an equivalent pulsed thermography test of the same delivered energy is retrieved and, at the same time, a high flexibility in the heating process is obtained.…”

Section: Pulse-compression Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ICA was used in the active thermography configuration for analyzing panel paintings [52] and impacted composite materials made by natural fibres [53], both subjected to a preliminary long-pulse radiation. The use of PCA and ICA in combination with PuCT, with both coded or frequency-modulated excitation, was addressed instead by Mulavesaala and co-workers in [54,55], and by some of the present authors in [35].…”

Section: Integration Among Puct Hsi and Post-processing Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Looking Through Paintings by Combining Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Pulse-Compression Thermography

Laureti

Malekmohammadi

Rizwan

et al. 2019

Sensors

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The use of different spectral bands in the inspection of artworks is highly recommended to identify the maximum number of defects/anomalies (i.e., the targets), whose presence ought to be known before any possible restoration action. Although an artwork cannot be considered as a composite material in which the zero-defect theory is usually followed by scientists, it is possible to state that the preservation of a multi-layered structure fabricated by the artist’s hands is based on a methodological analysis, where the use of non-destructive testing methods is highly desirable. In this paper, the infrared thermography and hyperspectral imaging methods were applied to identify both fabricated and non-fabricated targets in a canvas painting mocking up the famous character “Venus” by Botticelli. The pulse-compression thermography technique was used to retrieve info about the inner structure of the sample and low power light-emitting diode (LED) chips, whose emission was modulated via a pseudo-noise sequence, were exploited as the heat source for minimizing the heat radiated on the sample surface. Hyper-spectral imaging was employed to detect surface and subsurface features such as pentimenti and facial contours. The results demonstrate how the application of statistical algorithms (i.e., principal component and independent component analyses) maximized the number of targets retrieved during the post-acquisition steps for both the employed techniques. Finally, the best results obtained by both techniques and post-processing methods were fused together, resulting in a clear targets map, in which both the surface, subsurface and deeper information are all shown at a glance.

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Section: Pulse-compression Thermographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integration Among Puct Hsi and Post-processing Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Through Paintings by Combining Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Pulse-Compression Thermography

Laureti

Malekmohammadi

Rizwan

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…Such an approach was previously applied for composite inspections using the through transmission technique [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Studies [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] showed that air-coupled testing shows promising results in the detection of internal defects in composites, and techniques such as air-coupled imaging using the pulse compression method [ 16 , 17 ] can be used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Ultrasonic Non-Contact Air-Coupled Techniques for Characterization of Impact-Type Defects in Pultruded GFRP Composites

et al. 2021

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This article compares different air-coupled ultrasonic testing methods to characterize impact-type defects in a pultruded quasi-isotropic glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite plate. Using the air-coupled transducers, comparisons among three methods were performed, namely, bulk-wave through transmission, single-side access using guided waves, and ultrasonic-guided wave tomography. The air coupled through transmission technique can determine the size and shape of impact-type defects with a higher resolution, but with the consequence of time consumption and, more importantly, the necessity of access to both sides of the sample. The guided wave technique on the other hand, allows a single-side inspection and is relatively fast. It can be used to determine the size of the defect using ultrasonic B-scan, but the exact shape of the defect will be compromised. Thus, in this article, to determine the shape of the defect, application of the parallel beam tomographic reconstruction technique using guided Lamb waves is demonstrated. Furthermore, a numerical finite element simulation was performed to study the effects of guided wave propagation in the composite sample and interaction with the internal defect. Lastly, the results from the experiments of different techniques were compared according to possibilities of defect sizing and determination of its shape.

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“…In the last decade, a large number of non-destructive methods have been reported by the scientific and industrial community for the analysis of delamination defects in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. Most of the reported papers suggested the techniques of ultrasounds [ 9 , 10 ], thermography [ 11 ], shearography [ 12 ], radiography [ 13 ], acoustic emission [ 14 ], and vibration-based solutions [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] for the detection and characterization of different defects in composite materials. Among the aforementioned techniques, vibration-based methods are considered as one of the most popular methods for damage detection because of their simplicity, versatility, and low cost, which facilitates their application to a more industrial environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Quantification of Delamination Failures in Marine Composite Bulkheads via Vibration Energy Variations

Garcia

Jurado

Zaba

et al. 2021

Sensors

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This paper proposes a new vibration-based structural health monitoring method for the identification of delamination defects in composite bulkheads used in small-length fiber-based ships. The core of this work is to find out if the variations of vibration energy can be efficiently used as a key performance indicator for the detection and quantification of delamination defects in marine composite bulkheads. For this purpose, the changes of vibrational energy exerted by delamination defects in sandwich and monolithic composite panel bulkheads with different types of delamination phenomenon are investigated using a non-destructive test. Experiments show that the overall vibration energy of the bulkheads is directly dependent on the damage conditions of the specimens and therefore, the variations of this parameter are a good indicator of the incorporation of delamination defects in composite bulkheads. Additionally, the overall vibration energy changes also give interesting information about the severity of the delamination defect in the panels. Hence, this methodology based on vibratory energy can be used to accurately determine delamination defects in medium-sized composite bulkheads with the advantages of being a simple and cost-effective approach. The findings of this research possess important applications for the identification of delamination failures in composite components such as bulkheads, turbine blades, and aircraft structures, among others.

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Delamination Detection in Polymeric Ablative Materials Using Pulse-Compression Thermography and Air-Coupled Ultrasound

Cited by 24 publications

References 71 publications

Looking Through Paintings by Combining Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Pulse-Compression Thermography

Looking Through Paintings by Combining Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Pulse-Compression Thermography

Comparison of Ultrasonic Non-Contact Air-Coupled Techniques for Characterization of Impact-Type Defects in Pultruded GFRP Composites

Detection and Quantification of Delamination Failures in Marine Composite Bulkheads via Vibration Energy Variations

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