Delay discounting and affective priming in individuals with negative schizotypy

Cai, Xin-lu; Weigl, Michael; Liu, Bing-hui; Cheung, Eric F.C.; Ding, Jieying; Chan, Raymond C.K.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.040

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The steeper discounting rate has been associated with greater severity of cognitive impairment (Ahn et al, 2011; Brown et al, 2018; Heerey et al, 2007; Yu et al, 2017) and negative symptoms (Horan et al, 2017) in some studies; however, other studies have found null or inconsistent results (Heerey et al, 2007; Horan et al, 2017; Weller et al, 2014). Similar findings have emerged in first-degree relatives (Ho, Barry, & Koeppel, 2018) and individuals with high negative schizotypy traits (Cai et al, 2018) [however, see Wang et al (2018) and Yu et al (2017)]. Collectively, these findings suggest that impairments in value representation exist both in individuals with SZ, as well as first-degree relatives and those with schizotypal traits who are putatively at risk for psychosis.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and highly predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in the CHR population are unclear. Two studies were conducted to evaluate whether abnormalities in a reward processing mechanism thought to be core to negative symptoms in SZ, value representation, also exist in CHR individuals and whether they are associated with negative symptoms transphasically. Methods Study 1 included 33 individuals in the chronic phase of illness who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 40 healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 37 CHR participants and 45 CN. In both studies, participants completed the delay discounting (DD) task as a measure of value representation and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale was rated to measure negative symptoms. Results Results indicated that patients with SZ had steeper discounting rates than CN, indicating impairments in value representation. However, CHR participants were unimpaired on the DD task. In both studies, steeper discounting was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that deficits in value representation are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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“…Without individuals without schizotypy, we could not directly compare their performance in delay discounting task. However, several studies have shown that individuals with schizotypy demonstrated more impulsive choice (Cai et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016). Moreover, the main aim of this study was to explore whether EFT was related to lower delay discounting in individuals with schizotypy compared to ERT and our findings confirmed this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Schizophrenia has been considered as a continuum (Ettinger, Meyhöfer, Steffens, Wagner, & Koutsouleris, 2014); schizotypy is within the continuum (Siever, Kalus, & Keefe, 1993) and demonstrate similar but milder neurobiological (Siever et al, 1995(Siever et al, , 2002 and cognitive (Barch et al, 2004;Ettinger et al, 2014;Siever et al, 2002) deficits as in schizophrenia. Previous studies revealed that individuals with negative schizotypy had higher discounting rate than healthy controls (Cai et al, 2019;Li et al, 2016), indicating that individuals at risk for schizophrenia had greater preference for immediate rewards. Given that poor performance in delay discounting task may cause bad consequences (e.g., a high discounting rate can be a high risk factor for drug addiction; Bickel, Koffarnus, Moody, & Wilson, 2014), it is important to reduce discounting rate and improve the ability to resist immediate rewards in these individuals with some strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Future thinking is related to lower delay discounting than recent thinking, regardless of the magnitude of the reward, in individuals with schizotypy

Jia

Liu

Cui

et al. 2020

Australian Psychologist

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Objective People often prefer immediate small rewards compared to delayed larger rewards, which is referred to delay discounting. Schizotypy, a subclinical group at risk for schizophrenia, tends to discount more than healthy controls. Episodic future thinking (EFT), in which people mentally simulate future events to pre‐experience the future, has been found to reduce delay discounting in the general population, but whether this effect can be found in individuals with schizotypy remains unknown. The present study examined, in individuals with schizotypy, whether EFT was associated with lower delay discounting compared to episodic recent thinking (ERT), and whether this effect was related to the magnitude of reward. Method A total of 63 individuals with schizotypy were randomly assigned to the EFT condition (n = 30) or the ERT condition (n = 33). A delay discounting task with both large and small reward conditions was used, and before making choices, participants were asked to vividly think about a future event (EFT condition) or a recent past event (ERT condition). Results Results showed that participants in the EFT condition showed lower delay discounting rate than participants in the ERT condition, regardless of the magnitude of reward. These findings suggest that EFT enhanced the ability to resist immediate reward and had an effect on impulsive decision‐making in schizotypy. Conclusions These results provided crucial insights for developing effective intervention for schizophrenia.

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“…, 2015 ) or long (15 seconds, Augustine and Larsen, 2011 ) exposure to negative emotional pictures increases the propensity to choose smaller-sooner over larger-later rewards, whereas exposure to positive pictures shifts decisions toward choosing larger-later rewards ( Guan et al. , 2015 ; Cai et al. , 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Manuel

Roquet

Landín-Romero

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Abstract Negative and positive emotions are known to shape decision-making towards more or less impulsive responses respectively. Decision-making and emotion processing are underpinned by shared brain regions including the ventromedio-prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. How these processes interact at the behavioural and brain levels is still unclear. We used a lesion model to address this question. Study participants included individuals diagnosed with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n=18), who typically present deficits in decision-making/emotion processing and atrophy of the vmPFC, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n=12) who present with atrophy in limbic structures, and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL, n=15). Prior to each choice on the delay discounting task participants were cued with a positive, negative or neutral picture and asked to vividly imagine witnessing the event. As hypothesised, our findings showed that, bvFTD patients were more impulsive than AD and CTRL and did not show any emotion-related modulation of delay discounting rate. In contrast, AD patients showed increased impulsivity when primed by negative emotion. This increased impulsivity was associated with reduced integrity of bilateral amygdala in AD but not in bvFTD. Altogether, our results indicate that decision-making and emotion interact at the level of the amygdala supporting findings from animal studies.

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Delay discounting and affective priming in individuals with negative schizotypy

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia

Future thinking is related to lower delay discounting than recent thinking, regardless of the magnitude of the reward, in individuals with schizotypy

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

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