Delay discounting and health risk behaviors: the potential role of stress

Fields, Sherecce; Ramos, Ashley; Reynolds, Brady

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.003

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…a healthy child). On this view, stress may decrease the attractiveness of the delayed benefit, or increase the disutility from the immediate cost, and thus reduce adherence (Fields et al, 2015). Indeed, in developed countries, high temporal discounting has been shown to be negatively associated with adherence to recommended screening regimes for cholesterol, breast, cervical, and prostate cancer, and use of dental care, flu shots, and physical exercise (Bradford, 2010).…”

Section: Target 1: Temporal Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring self-efficacy, executive function, and temporal discounting in Kenya

Esopo

Mellow

Thomas

et al. 2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Developing countries have low adherence to medical regimens like water chlorination or antenatal and postnatal care, contributing to high infant and child mortality rates. We hypothesize that high levels of stress affect adherence through temporal discounting, self-efficacy, and executive control. Measurement of these constructs in developing countries requires adaptation of existing measures. In the current study, we adapt psychological scales and behavioral tasks, measuring each of these three constructs, for use among adults in Kenya. We translated and back-translated each measure to Kiswahili and conducted cognitive interviewing to establish cultural acceptability, refined existing behavioral tasks, and developed new ones. Then, in a laboratory session lasting 3 h, participants (N=511) completed the adapted psychological inventories and behavioral tasks. We report the psychometric properties of these measures. We find relatively low reliability and poor correlational evidence between psychological scales and behavioral tasks measuring the same construct, highlighting the challenges of adapting measures across cultures, and suggesting that assays within the same domain may tap distinct underlying processes.

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Section: Target 1: Temporal Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring self-efficacy, executive function, and temporal discounting in Kenya

Esopo

Mellow

Thomas

et al. 2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS‐21; Antony et al., ) is a 21‐item measure that includes subscales assessing past‐week depression, anxiety, and stress. Because the anxiety subscale focuses primarily on physical symptoms and panic, we elected to focus on the depressive and stress symptom subscales given that these constructs have been associated with the mediators of interest in previous research (Fields et al., ; Pulcu et al., ). Examples of items include “I couldn't seem to experience any positive feeling at all” (depressive) and “I found it difficult to relax” (stress).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a sample of adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), rate of discounting was associated with severity of hopelessness, and patients with MDD showed preference toward more immediate financial rewards (Pulcu et al., ). Further, Fields and colleagues () suggested that individuals with elevated stress will tend to shift their mindset to the more immediate present, with the intention of risky behaviors such as alcohol or drug use to alleviate stress. Unfortunately, these findings do not appear consistent as some studies have failed to find associations between DD and depression (Dennhardt and Murphy, ; Gonzalez et al., ).…”

Section: Theoretical Mechanisms: Alcohol Demand Future Orientation mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol Demand, Future Orientation, and Craving Mediate the Relation Between Depressive and Stress Symptoms and Alcohol Problems

Soltis

McDevitt-Murphy

Murphy

2017

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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Background Elevated depression and stress have been linked to greater levels of alcohol problems among young adults even after taking into account drinking level. The current study attempts to elucidate variables that might mediate the relation between symptoms of depression and stress and alcohol problems, including alcohol demand, future time orientation, and craving. Methods Participants were 393 undergraduates (60.8% female, 78.9% White/Caucasian) who reported at least 2 binge drinking episodes (4/5+ drinks for women/men, respectively) in the previous month. Participants completed self-report measures of stress and depression, alcohol demand, future time orientation, craving, and alcohol problems. Results In separate mediation models that accounted for gender, race, and weekly alcohol consumption, future orientation and craving significantly mediated the relation between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems. Alcohol demand, future orientation, and craving significantly mediated the relation between stress symptoms and alcohol problems. Conclusions Heavy drinking young adults who experience stress or depression are likely to experience alcohol problems and this is due in part to elevations in craving and alcohol demand, and less sensitivity to future outcomes. Interventions targeting alcohol misuse in young adults with elevated levels of depression and stress should attempt to increase future orientation and decrease craving and alcohol reward value.

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“…For example, fear (Luo, Ainslie, & Monterosso, 2014), worry (Worthy, Byrne, & Fields, 2014), hopelessness (Pulcu et al, 2014), and stress (Fields, Lange, Ramos, Thamotharan, & Rassu, 2014) all have differing impacts on delay discounting. As an explanation of these correlations, Fields, Ramos, and Reynolds (2015) theorize that in the presence of stress, immediate needs and reduction of stress seem more important. Thus, decisions are based on meeting the needs that appear to be more valuable while in distress.…”

Section: Delay Discountingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Impulsive Decision-Making

et al. 2019

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This study examined the transdiagnostic effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on impulsive decision-making in a community sample. A total of 40 adults were randomized to eight individual sessions of ACT or an inactive control. Participants completed pre-, mid-, and post-assessments for psychological symptoms; overall behavior change; valued living; delay discounting; psychological flexibility; and distress tolerance. Data were analyzed with multilevel modeling of growth curves. Significant interaction effects of time and condition were observed for psychological flexibility, distress tolerance, psychological symptoms, and the obstruction subscale of valued living. No significant interaction effect was found for two delay discounting tasks nor the progress subscale of valued living. The ACT condition had a significantly larger reduction of problem behavior at post-assessment. The results support use of ACT as a transdiagnostic treatment for impulsive behaviors. The lack of change in delay discounting contrasts previous research.

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Delay discounting and health risk behaviors: the potential role of stress

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Measuring self-efficacy, executive function, and temporal discounting in Kenya

Measuring self-efficacy, executive function, and temporal discounting in Kenya

Alcohol Demand, Future Orientation, and Craving Mediate the Relation Between Depressive and Stress Symptoms and Alcohol Problems

Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Impulsive Decision-Making

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