Delay discounting of monetary rewards over a wide range of amounts

Green, Leonard; Myerson, Joel; Oliveira, Luís; Chang, Seo Eun

doi:10.1002/jeab.45

Cited by 67 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, both cases and controls showed significantly steeper discounting of delayed gains than of delayed losses after matching based on age, gender, and education (both t s > 7.5, both p s < .001). Moreover, consistent with previous findings (Green et al 2013b; Myerson et al 2011; for a review, see Green and Myerson 2004), the decrease in subjective value of delayed and probabilistic outcomes was well described by the hyperboloid discounting model (Myerson and Green 1995), as indicated by the low root mean square error (RMSE) of the subjective values estimated by the model.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls

Myerson¹,

Green²,

Berk‐Clark

et al. 2015

Psychopharmacology

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Rationale Alcohol dependence is known to be associated with steep discounting of delayed rewards, but its relation to the discounting of delayed losses and probabilistic rewards is unclear. Moreover, patterns of alcohol consumption vary considerably between communities, but previous research has not examined the relation between discounting and alcohol dependence in low-income African Americans. Objectives The goal of the present study was to determine whether low-income, alcohol-dependent African Americans differ from controls in the degree to which they discount delayed rewards, delayed losses, or probabilistic rewards. Methods African American participants, both cases and controls, were recruited from the same low-income neighborhoods, and propensity-score matching was used to further control for demographic differences. Participants performed three tasks that assessed their discounting of hypothetical monetary outcomes: delayed rewards, delayed losses, and probabilistic rewards. Results Alcohol-dependent cases discounted delayed gains, but not delayed losses or probabilistic gains, more steeply than their matched controls. The difference in discounting of delayed gains was localized to the male cases, whose discounting was steeper than either the male controls or the female cases; no gender difference was observed between male and female controls. Conclusions The present results extend findings regarding discounting by substance abusers to a previously unstudied group, low-income African Americans, and suggest that in this group at least, alcohol dependence, particularly in males, may be more a reflection of choosing immediate rewards than of ignoring their delayed negative consequences.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls

Myerson¹,

Green²,

Berk‐Clark

et al. 2015

Psychopharmacology

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“…The finding that discounting decreased as reward magnitude increased (regardless of commodity) is consistent with a wide body of studies that have reported a similar decrease in discounting with increasing reward magnitudes (e.g. Green, Myerson & McFadden, 1997; Green et al, 1994; Green, Myerson, Oliviera, & Chang, 2013; Johnson & Bickel, 2002; Kirby, 1997). In addition, changes in discounting across treatment differed by commodity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

A comparison of delay discounting in adolescents and adults in treatment for cannabis use disorders.

Lee

Stanger

Budney

2015

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Delay discounting is associated with problematic substance use and poorer treatment outcomes in adolescents and adults with substance use disorders. Although some research has addressed delay discounting among individuals with cannabis use disorders (CUD), results have been equivocal and no study has examined whether discounting rates differ between adolescent and adult cannabis users. The aim of this study was to compare discounting rates between adolescents and adults in treatment for CUD in order to determine whether discounting at intake or changes in discounting across treatment differed between age groups. Participants were 165 adolescents and 104 adults enrolled in treatment for CUD. Participants completed a delay discounting task at intake and end of treatment for two commodities (money and cannabis) at two different magnitudes ($100 and $1000). Repeated measures mixed models examined differences in discounting rates by commodity and magnitude across age groups at intake, and changes in discounting across treatment. At intake, adolescents discounted money more than adults, while adults showed greater discounting at $100 magnitude than $1000. In addition, adults had greater decreases in discounting of cannabis over the course of treatment. Overall, adolescents appeared less sensitive to changes in magnitude of rewards, discounted money at higher rates, and showed less improvement in discounting over the course of treatment compared to adults. Comparing delay discounting in adolescents and adults with CUD can contribute to a better understanding of how development influences the impact of discounting on substance use in order to better inform treatment for substance use disorders.

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“…For example, energy drink users were more likely to be male, 2,5,8,11 employed, 13 have higher AUDIT scores, 3 and they were more likely to engage in various risk behaviors. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]13,14 In addition, results from the delay discounting tasks replicated results from studies that found that larger monetary rewards are discounted less steeply than smaller rewards 47 and delay discounting of condom-protected sex is steeper when partners are perceived as more desirable and less likely to have an STI. [29][30][31][32][33] The results of this study should be interpreted within the context of several limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…47 Also replicated was the finding that overall proportion of larger-later choices was highly correlated with mean log 10 k (r = À0.99, p < 0.0001). 42 Weekly energy drink users had higher mean log 10 k values than less-than-weekly energy drink users (M = À1.79, SD = 0.66 vs. M = À2.04, SD = 0.69, p < 0.0001), indicating steeper discounting of delayed monetary rewards, and they chose a significantly lower proportion of larger-later rewards than less-than-weekly energy drink users (M = 0.40, SD = 0.18 vs. M = 0.46, SD = 0.19, p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Weekly Energy Drink Use Is Positively Associated with Delay Discounting and Risk Behavior in a Nationwide Sample of Young Adults

Meredith

Sweeney

Johnson

et al. 2016

Journal of Caffeine Research

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Background: Energy drink use is associated with increased risk behavior among adolescents and college students. This study examined this relationship in a nationwide sample of young adults and also examined relations between energy drink use and delay discounting. Methods: Participants were 874 U.S. adults 18-28 years of age with past 30-day consumption of caffeine and alcohol. Participants completed an online survey of energy drink use, drug use, sexual activity, alcohol misuse (alcohol use disorders identification test [AUDIT]), sensation seeking (four-item Brief Sensation Seeking Scale [BSSS-4]), and delay discounting of monetary rewards and condom use. Results: Over one-third of participants (n = 303) reported consuming energy drinks at least once per week. Weekly energy drink users were more likely than less-than-weekly energy drink users to report a recent history of risk behaviors, including cigarette smoking (56% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001), illicit stimulant use (22% vs. 6%, p < 0.0001), and unprotected sex (63% vs. 45%, p < 0.0001). Covariate-adjusted analyses found that weekly energy drink users did not have significantly higher BSSS-4 scores (3.5 vs. 3.1, p = 0.098), but they had higher mean AUDIT scores (8.0 vs. 4.8, p < 0.0001), and they more steeply discounted delayed monetary rewards. Although weekly energy drink users did not show steeper discounting of delayed condom use, they showed a lower likelihood of using a condom when one was immediately available. Conclusions: This study extends findings that energy drink use is associated with risk behavior, and it is the first study to show that energy drink use is associated with monetary delay discounting.

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Delay discounting of monetary rewards over a wide range of amounts

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls

Male, But Not Female, Alcohol-Dependent African Americans Discount Delayed Gains More Steeply than Propensity-Score Matched Controls

A comparison of delay discounting in adolescents and adults in treatment for cannabis use disorders.

Weekly Energy Drink Use Is Positively Associated with Delay Discounting and Risk Behavior in a Nationwide Sample of Young Adults

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