Delay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Presumptive Tuberculosis Cases in Parts of Anambra State, Nigeria

Ndubuisi, Nwachukwu O; Ogodo, Alloysius Chibuike; Esther, Ulasi A; Christopher, Okoronkwo U

doi:10.4172/2472-4998.1000120

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The high rate of default in the state may be due to poor counseling of patients at DOTS clinics, poor knowledge and attitude towards DOTS. An earlier study in Anambra State identified reason for default in diagnosis as belief in the efficacy of prayer house healing for pulmonary tuberculosis [3]. This reason could also be true for treatment thus contributing to default.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence rate of tuberculosis in Nigeria was 388 per 100,000 people in 2012 and more than half of them were smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis [2]. Effective treatment is therefore essential to meet the goals of tuberculosis control and elimination [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some factors such as aging, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, HIV/AIDS, ignorance of what tuberculosis is and poor qualities of medical services affect treatment of outcomes [3,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Treatment outcomes of new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Anambra state, Nigeria

Ndubuisi¹,

Azu²,

Oluoha³

et al. 2017

Pulm Crit Care Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients is the key to tuberculosis control. This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) in Anambra State, Nigeria and determine factors associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Methods:The prospective observational study was carried out at 3 TB/DOTS centres. A total of 213 newly diagnosed sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled into the study. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was based on Xpert MTB/RIF test and microscopy. Each patient was treated daily using a 6-month regimen recommended by WHO. For intensive phase, RHZE (150/75/400/275 mg) tablets were given for 2 months. RHZE contains the drugs rifampicin(R), isoniazid(H), pyrazinamide(Z) and ethambutol(E). For contamination phase, RH (150/75mg) tablets were given for 4 months. The patients were followed up till completion of treatment and treatment outcomes recorded as per WHO guidelines. Results:Out of 213 patients, 181(85%) were cured, treatment completed in 3(1.4%) patients. Overall, treatment success rate was 86.4%. Exactly 24 (11.3%) patients were lost to follow up, treatment failed in 4(1.9%) and 1(0.5%) patient died. Treatment success rate decreased with aging as younger patients (15-24 years old) showed better treatment outcomes (90%) than older patients (> 65 years) at 71.4%. Unsuccessful treatment outcomes were more prevalent among unemployed patients (18.8%), with no formal education (17.6%) and married ones (12.6%). Conclusion:Treatment success rate in Anambra State was 86.4%. Lost to follow up (default rate) was high (11.3%). Aging, occupation and level of education were associated with unsuccessful treatment outcomes. It is therefore important to reduce default in treatment through proper counseling of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at TB/DOTS centres.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment outcomes of new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Anambra state, Nigeria

Ndubuisi¹,

Azu²,

Oluoha³

et al. 2017

Pulm Crit Care Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For these reason World Health Organization (WHO) recommends individual with signs and symptoms that suggest TB infection should seek care within 2-3 weeks of the symptoms initiation [6]. Moreover, studies reported from different settings on presumptive TB patients recommend that the effectiveness of early diagnosis and commencement of the treatment in the prevention of prolonged disease transmission [7][8][9]. However, considerable proportion of presumptive TB patients are not timely seeking care from health facilities in different countries [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, studies reported from different settings on presumptive TB patients recommend that the effectiveness of early diagnosis and commencement of the treatment in the prevention of prolonged disease transmission [7][8][9]. However, considerable proportion of presumptive TB patients are not timely seeking care from health facilities in different countries [7][8][9]. For instance, community based study reported from Zambia shown that 65.1% of individuals with presumptive TB do not seek care from health facilities for their symptoms [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health care seeking behavior among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gamtesa

Tola

Mehamed

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Health seeking behavior is one of the challenges affecting tuberculosis (TB) control program because of its high risk to prolonged diseases transmission and poor treatment outcome. Although there are few primary studies that reported diversified magnitudes of health seeking behavior among presumptive TB patients in Ethiopia, there is no review study that attempted to summarize the available evidence. Thus, this review was aimed to estimate the proportion of health care seeking behavior from health facility and to summarize the reasons why individuals with presumptive TB are not seeking health care in Ethiopia. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted on primary studies that reported proportion of health seeking behavior among presumptive TB patients. Electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct were searched to retrieve studies published in English language from Ethiopia without restricting publication year. In addition, bibliographies of included studies were also screened to retrieve potential studies. The keywords "health seeking", "health seeking behavior", "TB suspects" and "presumptive TB" were used both in Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and free text. Random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled proportions of health care seeking and not seeking behaviors. Stata version 14 was used for data analysis. Result: Five studies which involved 3230 patients with presumptive TB were included into this review. The pooled estimated proportion of health care seeking behavior among presumptive TB patients from health facilities was 65% (95% CI, 54-76%), while the pooled proportion of not seeking health care from any sources was 17% (95% CI; 6-27%). In addition, 18% (95% CI; 5-30%) of presumptive TB patients were seeking health care from inappropriate sources. Being female, younger age, low income status, absence of previous TB treatment history, low education status were the risk factors that associated with low health care seeking behavior. Conclusion: Considerable proportion of patients with presumptive TB were not seeking health care from health facilities or seeks care from inappropriate sources in Ethiopia. Implementing efforts that could improve health care seeking behavior is vital to prevent prolonged disease transmission through immediate treatment commencement.

show abstract

Concordance of two sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

Pala

Lynrah

2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Under revised National tuberculosis control program two sputum samples are to be collected for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis case. The objective of this study is to find the concordance of both sputum smear microscopy samples at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Hospital based record was collected from designated microscopy center laboratory register. The data collected were from January 2015 to November 2016. Results: A total of 2117 paired of sputum sample were collected for the year 2015-16 in one of the DMC of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 183 patient (at least one sputum sample) were positive (8.64%) and 1934 were both negative. Among the positive sample concordance for both spot and morning samples were 89% (163/183) and discordance where spot sample positive and morning sample negative was 4.91% (9/183) and where spot sample negative and morning sample positive was 6.01% (11/183). Overall discordance between spot and morning samples were only 0.94% (20/2117). Conclusions: There is a good concordance of two sputum samples. Discordance of two sputum samples were <1% in a tertiary care hospital. One sample may be sufficient for operational purpose for diagnosis of pulmonary Tb. But to have a robust recommendation a RCT will be required to see the extent of discordance by ruling out bias in sputum smear examination.

show abstract

Delay in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Presumptive Tuberculosis Cases in Parts of Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Treatment outcomes of new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Anambra state, Nigeria

Treatment outcomes of new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Anambra state, Nigeria

Health care seeking behavior among presumptive tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Concordance of two sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About