Delay in glucose peak time during the oral glucose tolerance test as an indicator of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients

Wang, Xinlei; Zhao, Xiaoqin; Zhou, Ranran; Gu, Yunjuan; Zhu, Xiaohui; Tang, Zhuqi; Yuan, Xinlu; Chen, Wei; Zhang, Rongping; Chen, Qian; Cui, Shiwei

doi:10.1111/jdi.12834

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Our observations agree with other studies where individuals with monophasic shapes exhibited higher postprandial glucose concentrations [23][24][25][26][27][28]. A delay in glucose peak time often indicates reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion and a rise in glucose typically observed in T2DM [48]. A time to glucose peak above 30 min was indicated to be a reproducible independent indicator of impaired glycaemic control [43,49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An Acute, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover, Dose-Response, Exploratory Study to Assess the Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark Extract (Enzogenol®) on Glycaemic Responses in Healthy Participants

et al. 2020

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An acute, placebo-controlled, single-blind, crossover, dose-response, exploratory study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic effects of New Zealand pine bark extract (Enzogenol®). Twenty-five healthy participants categorised into having a monophasic or complex (biphasic or triphasic) glucose curve shape at the control visit consumed a placebo and Enzogenol® (50 and 400 mg) on three separate occasions before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In the monophasic group, 50 and 400 mg of Enzogenol® significantly reduced the mean glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC) compared to control 241.3 ± 20.2 vs. 335.4 ± 34.0 mmol/L·min, p = 0.034 and 249.3 ± 25.4 vs. 353.6 ± 31.5 mmol/L·min, p = 0.012, respectively. The 400 mg dose further reduced the percentage increment of postprandial glucose (%PG) 31.4% ± 7.9% vs. 47.5% ± 8.6%, p = 0.010, glucose peak 7.9 ± 0.3 vs. 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.025 and 2h-OGTT postprandial glucose (2hPG) 6.1 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L, p = 0.027. Glucose iAUC was not significantly different in the complex group, except for reductions in %PG 28.7% ± 8.2% vs. 43.4% ± 5.9%, p = 0.012 after 50 mg dose and 27.7% ± 5.4% vs. 47.3% ± 7.2%, p = 0.025 after 400 mg dose. The results suggest that Enzogenol® may have hypoglycaemic effects in healthy participants, especially those exhibiting monophasic shapes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An Acute, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover, Dose-Response, Exploratory Study to Assess the Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark Extract (Enzogenol®) on Glycaemic Responses in Healthy Participants

et al. 2020

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“…All glucose tolerance groups showed a delay in glucose peak, observed at 60 min in this study when compared with the glucose peak at 30 min in healthy, nondiabetic populations 18 . Insulin release was delayed in all glucose tolerance groups as has been previously reported in adolescent 19 and adult populations 20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Hypoglycemia in cystic fibrosis during an extended oral glucose tolerance test

Armaghanian

Hetherington

Parameswaran

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background Hypoglycemia in cystic fibrosis (CF), in the absence of glucose‐lowering therapies, has long been identified as an important issue in the management of CF. There is currently still no unifying hypothesis for its etiology. Aim The aims of this study were to perform a 3‐h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in participants with CF and (1) document glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) release patterns within varying glucose tolerance groups during the OGTT; (2) determine the prevalence of hypoglycemic during the OGTT; and (3) define any association between hypoglycemia and patterns of insulin, glucagon, GLP‐1, and GIP release. Methods Eligible participants attending an adult CF clinic completed a 3‐h OGTT. Hypoglycemia on OGTT was defined as mild (glucose 3.4–3.9 mmol/L), moderate (glucose 3.1–3.3 mmol/L), and severe (glucose ≤ 3 mmol/L). Hormones were measured at fasting, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. Results Twenty‐four participants completed the study, of which 7 had normal glucose tolerance, 12 had abnormal glucose tolerance, and 5 had cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). All participants had a delayed insulin response compared with normative data. All glucose tolerance groups showed appropriate and similar suppression of fasting glucagon. Four participants (17%) had mild hypoglycemic, three (13%) had moderate hypoglycemic, and eight (33%) had severe hypoglycemic. No participant with CFRD demonstrated hypoglycemic. Of the 19 participants without CFRD, 15 (79%) experienced hypoglycemic. Participants with hypoglycemic had greater peak glucose and insulin responses than those that did not have hypoglycemic, and this approached significance (p = .0625 for glucose and p = .0862 for insulin). No significant mean differences between GLP‐1 and GIP release were found. There was no relationship between hypoglycemic and modulator therapy. Conclusion Postprandial hypoglycemic was unmasked by the extension of an OGTT to 3 h. Delayed and abnormal insulin release, and ineffective counter‐regulatory action of glucagon may have a role in its etiology.

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“…The mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75 IU/kg insulin with blood glucose levels measured using blood from their tail veins at various time periods (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) after injection. Area under the curve (AUC) was subsequently calculated (11,61).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxa2 gene silencing attenuates obesity-induced insulin resistance by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway

Wang

Cheng

Yin

et al. 2019

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Insulin resistance (IR) continues to pose a major threat to public health due to its role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and its ever-increasing prevalence on a global scale. The aim of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of Anxa2 in obesity-induced IR through the mediation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes associated with obesity. To verify whether Anxa2 was differentially expressed in IR triggered by obesity, IR mouse models were established in connection with a high-fat diet (HFD). In the mouse IR model, the role of differentially expressed Anxa2 in glycometabolism and IR was subsequently detected. To investigate the effect of Anxa2 on IR and its correlation with inflammation, a palmitic acid (PA)-induced IR cell model was established, with the relationship between Anxa2 and the NF-κB signaling pathway investigated accordingly. Anxa2 was determined to be highly expressed in IR. Silencing Anxa2 was shown to inhibit IR triggered by obesity. When Anxa2 was knocked down, elevated expression of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1a, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity along with 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake was detected, whereas decreased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and p50 was observed. Taken together, the current study ultimately demonstrated that Anxa2 may be a novel drug strategy for IR disruption, indicating that Anxa2 gene silencing is capable of alleviating PA or HFD-induced IR and inflammation through its negative regulatory role in the process of p50 nuclear translocation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

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Delay in glucose peak time during the oral glucose tolerance test as an indicator of insulin resistance and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes patients

Cited by 44 publications

References 45 publications

An Acute, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover, Dose-Response, Exploratory Study to Assess the Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark Extract (Enzogenol®) on Glycaemic Responses in Healthy Participants

An Acute, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover, Dose-Response, Exploratory Study to Assess the Effects of New Zealand Pine Bark Extract (Enzogenol®) on Glycaemic Responses in Healthy Participants

Hypoglycemia in cystic fibrosis during an extended oral glucose tolerance test

Anxa2 gene silencing attenuates obesity-induced insulin resistance by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway

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