Delay Mitigation in Offloaded Cloud Controllers in Industrial IoT

Low-Level Control of 3D Printers from the Cloud:  A Step Toward 3D Printer Control as a Service

“…Their results showed lower performance using the cloud-based PLC compared to a local PLC, due to network-induced delays, particularly as real-time computation demands became more stringent. Similar conclusions have been reached by Hegazy and Hefeeda [4], Esen et al [5], Kaneko and Ito [9], Vick et al [10], Abdelaal et al [14], and Mubeen et al [15] in their tests of cloud-based controllers on various real-time control applications. Solutions proposed to counter the effects of delays and other QoS issues in CaaS include implementation of real-time controllers using Private Clouds [11] or in the Fog [15], both involving the use of local area networks (LAN) as opposed to wide area networks (WAN) to reduce delays.…”

“…Similar conclusions have been reached by Hegazy and Hefeeda [4], Esen et al [5], Kaneko and Ito [9], Vick et al [10], Abdelaal et al [14], and Mubeen et al [15] in their tests of cloud-based controllers on various real-time control applications. Solutions proposed to counter the effects of delays and other QoS issues in CaaS include implementation of real-time controllers using Private Clouds [11] or in the Fog [15], both involving the use of local area networks (LAN) as opposed to wide area networks (WAN) to reduce delays. Other solutions involve the use of redundant control architectures [4,9,16] and various forms of delay compensation techniques [4,5,10,[14][15][16].…”

“…Solutions proposed to counter the effects of delays and other QoS issues in CaaS include implementation of real-time controllers using Private Clouds [11] or in the Fog [15], both involving the use of local area networks (LAN) as opposed to wide area networks (WAN) to reduce delays. Other solutions involve the use of redundant control architectures [4,9,16] and various forms of delay compensation techniques [4,5,10,[14][15][16]. The solutions to QoS issues presented in the discussed preliminary studies have yielded encouraging results: they have generally demonstrated that, with proper mitigation of QoS issues, cloud-based controllers can approach the performance of equivalent local controllers.…”

“…Control as a Service (CaaS) is an idea that has been growing in popularity over the past few years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In CaaS, low-level control functionalities of a device are moved out of a local controller to the Cloud, where they are remotely accessed on-demand (i.e., as a service).…”

Low-Level Control of 3D Printers from the Cloud: A Step toward 3D Printer Control as a Service

“…Moreover, in CaaS, a variety of control algorithms could be offered in an "app marketplace", where they are accessed if and when needed by a given device. For more details on the various benefits of CaaS, see [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”