Delay of gratification and executive performance in individuals with schizophrenia: putative role for eating behavior and body weight regulation

Knolle-Veentjer, S.; Huth, Verena; Ferstl, Roman; Aldenhoff, J. B.; Hinze-Selch, D.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-991767

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Four decision tasks involving four different types of rewards-snacks, hypothetical money, real money, and magazines (partly adapted from Knolle-Veentjer et al, 2008;Wulfert et al, 2002)-are embedded in a board game. To conceal the true aim of the test, the experimenter tells the participant that it is designed to measure their preferences and interests.…”

Section: Delay Of Gratification Test For Adults (Dog-a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, it includes four reward types and not a single one as in previous DoG measures ( Knolle-Veentjer et al, 2008;Wulfert et al, 2002). The present study as well as previous studies has shown the phenomenon of domain independence, which supports the need to use various reward types in order to achieve a broader and more realistic measurement of DoG.…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The delay of gratification test for adults: Validating a behavioral measure of self-motivation in a sample of older people

2011

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Most previous delay of gratification tests were developed for children and are inappropriate for application in adults. The authors therefore developed the Delay of Gratification Test for Adults (DoG-A), which includes four types of reward that are meaningful to adults, namely snacks, real money, hypothetical money, and magazines. Four subscores and two composite scores can be calculated. This study is the first to evaluate the DoG-A and to investigate its association with external variables. A community sample of 147 cognitively healthy participants aged between 60 and 94 years completed a questionnaire and cognitive tests measuring delay discounting, self-regulation, motivational self-concept, personality, wellbeing, and cognitive function. The intercorrelations of the subscales were low to medium and the internal consistency of the composite scores was moderate ( = 0.4), indicating relative domain independence of the four reward types. The nomological net established by investigating the relations of the DoG-A with other constructs proved to be fairly meaningful. The correlations of all subscales with the delay discounting rate were significant and moderate. The Snacks subscale showed the most consistent pattern of results in terms of moderate positive correlations with self-reported motivation regulation, optimism, dutifulness, and deliberation. The Snacks subscale also correlated with various measures of wellbeing. A regression analysis showed that DoG Snacks remained a significant predictor of wellbeing when self-reported self-regulation and other variables were controlled. These findings indicate that the DoG-A yields an interpretable behavioral measure of self-motivation and offers a developmentally adequate extension of the delay of gratification paradigm for use with adults. The correlations of all subscales with the delay discounting rate were significant and moderate. The Snacks subscale showed the most consistent pattern of results in terms of moderate positive correlations with self-reported motivation regulation, optimism, dutifulness, and deliberation. The Snacks subscale also correlated with various measures of wellbeing. A regression analysis showed that DoG Snacks remained a significant predictor of wellbeing when self-reported self-regulation and other variables were controlled. These findings indicate that the DoG-A yields an interpretable behavioral measure of selfmotivation and offers a developmentally adequate extension of the delay of gratification

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Section: Delay Of Gratification Test For Adults (Dog-a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The delay of gratification test for adults: Validating a behavioral measure of self-motivation in a sample of older people

2011

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“…For example, ongoing disrupted food choice learning following nutrition training has been reported [58], and without specific interventions, low salience immediate hedonic experiences (i.e., vegetable intake, exercise) may never translate into long-term habits. That is, the more the reward is delayed temporally, the less subjective value it holds, particularly in schizophrenia [59,60]. In this context, for example, improved physical capacity to perform daily activities pursuant to regular physical exercise may never occur, because it takes at least several weeks for results to become apparent and immediate and sustained effort, in the absence of results, is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits, obesity and disability in schizophrenia

Strassnig

Cáceda

Newcomer

et al. 2012

Translational Neuroscience

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Despite 50 years of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions schizophrenia remains one of the leading causes of disability. The inability to function in everyday settings includes deficits in performance of social, occupational, and independent living activities. Schizophrenia is also a life-shortening illness, caused mainly by poor physical health and its complications. Dysfunctional lifestyles including sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity prevail, while treatment with adipogenic antipsychotic medication interacts with poor performance in screening, monitoring, and intervention that result in shortening of life expectancies by 25-30 years. Disability interferes with self-care and medical care, further worsening physical health to produce a vicious cycle of disability. Further, the neurobiological impact of obesity on brain functioning is substantial and relevant to schizophrenia. Decision making deficits that lead to choices resulting in obesity themselves have neurobiological determinants. Simultaneous treatment of cognitive deficits and related deficits in functional skills, ubiquitous determinants of everyday functioning in schizophrenia, and targeted interventions aimed at poor physical health, especially obesity and associated comorbidities, may lead to additive or even interactive gains in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia not previously realized with other interventions.

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“…However, our study on the behavior paradigm of delay of gratification in schizophrenic individuals with reference to eating behavior demonstrated impaired behavioral control of the patients on their eating behavior; unfortunately, we did not investigate TG serologies. 85 So what do we know, and what can we make from all this knowledge as displayed in this article?…”

Section: Tg and Its "Gut Feeling"mentioning

confidence: 97%

Toxoplasma gondii infection and neuropsychiatric disease: current insight

Hinze-Selch

2015

RIP

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Toxoplasma gondii has always been associated with severe medical disease when acquired congenitally or under immunocompromised conditions. However, in the last decade, intensive research has shed light on Toxoplasma gondii as a latent chronic infection producing distinct neuropsychiatric symptoms and alterations in its intermediate hosts, such as humans and rodents. The peculiarities described range from the well-established attenuated odor aversion paradigm toward cat urine, in infected rodents to significant associations with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, to cognitive impairments, and increased traffic accidents. In relation to what has already been investigated to date, how could we explain such effects on the basis of what we know about the complex interplay of this intracellular permanent parasite and its host? This review systematically screens the recent literature, presents results from a physician's point of view, and discusses possible mechanisms and further research lines.

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Delay of gratification and executive performance in individuals with schizophrenia: putative role for eating behavior and body weight regulation

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The delay of gratification test for adults: Validating a behavioral measure of self-motivation in a sample of older people

The delay of gratification test for adults: Validating a behavioral measure of self-motivation in a sample of older people

Cognitive deficits, obesity and disability in schizophrenia

Toxoplasma gondii infection and neuropsychiatric disease: current insight

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