Delay Performance Analysis of LTE in Various Traffic Patterns and Radio Propagation Environments

Abstract

Most real-time multimedia services like VoIP (voice over IP), TV conference and real-time gaming require low endto-end delay. In the near future, it is expected that more delay sensitive applications such as cloud computing or telepresence will appear. LTE (long term evolution) is able to provide realtime services in mobile environments. LTE is designed to have an end-to-end delay of less than 5ms. The delay performance in LTE may, however, be degraded by the radio propagation environment or traffic pattern. For example, if the quality of radio signal is poor, more retransmission is required between eNB (evolved NodeB) and UE (user equipment) which degrades the delay performance. If packet size is large, the packets may be segmented which also degrades the delay performance. Thus it is very difficult to predict the delay performance of LTE system prior to its installation. This paper analyzes how the delay performance in the layer 2 (L2) process of LTE is affected depending on the traffic pattern and radio propagation environment. We conduct numerical simulations that consider the L2 processes. The numerical simulation correctly estimates the delay pattern even in a realistic fading environment.

Link Quality Improvement of Long-Term Evolution and 802.11ax in High-Density Areas

“…The coexistence of HEW and LTE networks is also provided in [5] to evaluate the signal to noise ratio level. Traffic pattern in terms of packet size and the corresponding delay imposed on LTE networks is investigated in [6]. Through the measurement results, they illustrate that shorter packets are more suitable for delay-sensitive applications as they improve the end-to-end delay performance of LTE users.…”

Optimal placement of data concentrators for expansion of the smart grid communications network

“…Latency can be divided into four parts: (i) processing delay – the time taken for a node to process the packet header, (ii) queuing delay – the time a packet spends in routeing queues before being processed, (iii) transmission delay – the time taken to push the packet's bits onto the link, and (iv) propagation delay – the time for a signal to reach its destination. The propagation delay is dependent on the distance and geography between communication nodes, while the majority of latency (processing, queuing, and transmission delays) are dependent on the communication hardware and wireless routeing protocols [22].…”