“…Some of the
known effects include decrease in speech rate, increase in speech intensity and pitch,
prolongation of vowels, misarticulations, and disfluencies (Goldiamond, 1965; Perkins, Bell,
Johnson, & Stochs, 1979; Howell
& Archer, 1984). Factors such as age, sex of individual, and task
complexity, are known to modulate the influence of delayed feedback (e.g., Siegel, Fehst, Garber, & Pick, 1980; Corey & Cuddapah, 2008). However, there are
only a limited number of studies of the effects of delayed feedback on the kinematics of
ongoing speech movement (e.g., Mochida, Gomi, &
Kashino, 2010; Cai, Gosh, Guenther, &
Perkell, 2011).…”