Delayed diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis from sodium pyrithione in a metalworking fluid

New evidence on the health hazards and control of metalworking fluids since completion of the OSHA advisory committee report

“…There remains continuing interest in which specific ingredients might be responsible for allergic contact dermatitis. Biocides and ethanolamines are specific concerns [le Coz, 2001;Baynes et al, 2002;Brinkmeier et al, 2002;Geier et al, 2002Geier et al, , 2003Geier et al, , 2004aGeier et al, ,b,c, 2006Isaksson, 2002;Zissu, 2002;Jensen and Andersen, 2003;Madan and Beck, 2006;Malloy et al, 2007]. Agents causing allergic contact dermatitis might also be suspected of causing respiratory sensitization after inhalation [Suuronen et al, 2007].…”

Patch test results with the metalworking fluid series of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG)

“…Additionally, sensitizations to formaldehyde, benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylchloroisothazolinone/methylisothazolinone (MCI/MI), colophonium, p ‐phenylenediamine (PPD), p ‐aminoazobenzene (PAAB), dichromate and cobalt have been described, but the clinical relevance of these findings could not always be established (3, 5, 19–22). During the last decade, sensitizations to the following MWF components have been described in case reports of metalworkers with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD): diglycolamine (23), ethylenediamine possibly as indicator for a sensitization to other amines (24), monoethanolamine (MEA) (25, 26), alkanolamineborates (27), a condensate of boric acid, MEA and fatty acids (28), fatty acid polydiethanolamide (29), oleyl alcohol (25), tertiary‐butylhydroquinone (30), imazalil (31), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) (32), sodium pyrithione (33, 34), ethylhexylzinc dithiophosphate (29, 35) and oak moss resin (26). Recently, we reported the spectrum of contact allergens found in metalworkers exposed to water‐based MWF (wb‐MWF) with OCD, as the result of a multicentre study (FaSt study) from 1999 to 2001 (36).…”

Contact sensitizations in metalworkers with occupational dermatitis exposed to water-based metalworking fluids: results of the research project ?FaSt?

“…Additionally, sensitizations to formaldehyde, benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylchloroisothazolinone/methylisothazolinone (MCI/MI), colophony, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), p-aminoazobenzene (PAAB), dichromate, and cobalt have been described, although the clinical relevance of these findings could not always be established (Alomar et al 1985;de Boer et al 1989b;Grattan et al 1989, Nethercott et al 1990Uter et al 1993Uter et al , 1996. In case reports of metal workers exposed to wb MWF with occupational contact dermatitis, sensitizations to the following wb MWF components have been reported during the last decade: diglycolamine ), ethylenediamine, possibly as indicator for a sensitization to other amines (Fisher 1998), monoethanolamine (Koch 1995;Owen et al 2000), alkanolaminborates (Bruze et al 1995, a condensate of boric acid, monoethanolamine, and fatty acids (Jensen and Andersen 2003), fatty acid polydiethanolamide (Kanerva et al 2001), oleyl alcohol (Koch 1995), tertiary-butylhydroquinone (Meding 1996), iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (Majoie and van Ginkel 2000), sodium pyrithione (Isaksson 2002;Le Coz 2001), ethylhexylzinc dithiophosphate , Kanerva et al 2001, and oak moss resin (Owen et al 2000).…”