Delayed Effect of Genetic Segregation on the Transmission of the Mammary-Tumor Agent in Mice

Heston, W. E.; Vlahakis, George; Deringer, Margaret K.

doi:10.1093/jnci/24.3.721

Cited by 38 publications

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“…Heston et al (1960) observed an increase in the incidence of hepatomas in urethan-treated C3H mice. Pietra and Shubik (1960) reported the induction of melanotic tumours of the skin of urethan-treated hamsters.…”

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confidence: 84%

“…Tannenbaum and Silverstone (1958) using repeated skin applications of urethan in 3 strains of mice, were able to demonstrate induction or enhancement of pulmonary adenomas, mammary carcinomas, malignant mesenchymal tumours in the interseapular fat, eystoadenomas of the lacrimal gland and blood cysts in the liver. The hemorrhagic cystic lesions in the liver of urethan-treated mice have been observed by several investigators (Kirschbaum, Bell and Gordon, 1949;Roe and Salaman, 1954;Berenblum and Haran, 1955; Heston, Vlahakis and Deringer, 1960; Kawamoto et al, 1961) and differently interpreted. Heston et al (1960) observed an increase in the incidence of hepatomas in urethan-treated C3H mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Heston, Vlahakis and Deringer, 1960;Kawamoto et al, 1961) and differently interpreted. Heston et al (1960) observed an increase in the incidence of hepatomas in urethan-treated C3H mice.…”

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The Occurrence of Malignant Lymphomas in Urethan-treated Swiss Mice

Tóth¹,

Porta²,

Shubik³

1961

Br J Cancer

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THE carcinogenic action of urethan (ethyl carbamate), once thought specific for pulmonary tissue (see review by Shimkin, 1955), has recently been found to extend to other tissues. Tannenbaum and Silverstone (1958) using repeated skin applications of urethan in 3 strains of mice, were able to demonstrate induction or enhancement of pulmonary adenomas, mammary carcinomas, malignant mesenchymal tumours in the interseapular fat, eystoadenomas of the lacrimal gland and blood cysts in the liver. The hemorrhagic cystic lesions in the liver of urethan-treated mice have been observed by several investigators (Kirschbaum, Bell and Gordon, 1949;Roe and Salaman, 1954;Berenblum and Haran, 1955; Heston, Vlahakis and Deringer, 1960; Kawamoto et al., 1961) and differently interpreted. Heston et al. (1960) observed an increase in the incidence of hepatomas in urethan-treated C3H mice. Pietra and Shubik (1960) reported the induction of melanotic tumours of the skin of urethan-treated hamsters. For the epidermis of the mouse, urethan has been show-n to have an initi'ating action which can be completed by subsequent or alternate applications of croton oil (Salaman and Roe, 1953 ;Graffi et al., 1953). In a preliminary report, Lindsay and Bielschowsky (1956) recorded the induction of squamous cen tumours of the skin in mice using topical applications of urethan alone. Urethan given orally induced squamous cell papiRomas of the forestomach of the mouse and of the hamster (Berenblum and Haran-Ghera, 1957 ; Pietra and Shubik, 1960). In the studies of Kawamoto, Kirschbaum and Taylor (1958) and of Berenblum and Trainin (1960), although urethan alone has not been found to exert a leukemogenic action,-it has been reported to increase and accelerate the incidence of leukemias induced by X-rays, estrogens or methylcholanthrene. In the most recent report of Kawamoto et al. (1961) urethan, given alone, failed to augment the already high incidence of leukemia in AKR and C58 mice and only slightly accelerated its onset. From their study, Berenblum and Trainin (1960) suggested that urethan acts as a promoting factor in leukemogenesis in C57BL/6 mice. However, Pietra, Rappaport and Shubik (1961) observed an early occurrence of lymphomas in Swiss mice injected at birth with urethan.The present investigation was stimulated by the observation of a few skin papillomas in a group of male Swiss mice given urethan in the drinking water. These papillomas arose on the skin of the lower back where ulcerations and scarring from fighting had occurred. To confirm this finding, 2 groups of mice, males and females, were given urethan in the clrinking water. The number of * Present address: Istituto dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.

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The Occurrence of Malignant Lymphomas in Urethan-treated Swiss Mice

Tóth¹,

Porta²,

Shubik³

1961

Br J Cancer

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“…C3H x Y hybrid micet were given National Cancer Institute pellets (Heston et al, 1960). They were divided into five groups of 15 animals each.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is not only an increase in the number of lesions, but the y develop more rapidly in the hybrid than in C3H mice (Heston et al, 1960;Heston and Vlahakis, 1961; and Heston, 1966). …”

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Morphologic and Biologic Correlation of Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Hepatic Lesions Occurring “Spontaneously” in C3H × Y Hybrid Mice

Reuber¹

1971

Br J Cancer

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(Reuber and Firminger, 1963; Reuber, 1966).The purpose of the present study was to see if there was a biologic and morphologic correlation for lesilons of the liver developing " spontaneously " in C3H x Y hybrid mice. There is not only an increase in the number of lesions, but the y develop more rapidly in the hybrid than in C3H mice (Heston et al., 1960;Heston and Vlahakis, 1961; and Heston, 1966). MATERIALS AND METHODSC3H x Y hybrid micet were given National Cancer Institute pellets (Heston et al., 1960). They were divided into five groups of 15 animals each. Laparotomy and liver biopsy were performed on different groups at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 64 weeks of age. Additional groups of 15 to 25 male mice were killed at the same time

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Susceptibility to carcinogenesis

Reif

1986

Cancer

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This report examines qualitative and quantitative evidence that the spontaneous incidence of a specific type of tumor is one of the many factors which determine the incidence of carcinogen-induced tumors of the same type. To avoid selection bias in the choice of data for analysis, all suitable data used in a previous review on a closely related subject are analyzed. One method of attack consists of the mathematical elimination of factors other than spontaneous incidence which influence carcinogenesis. When unselected carcinogenesis data are examined without such elimination, then the spontaneous incidence often has no apparent effect on induced incidence. The explanation appears to be that the spontaneous incidence is a weak factor which has incomplete penetrance, and frequently is outweighed by other factors. Although the evidence examined is consistent with this conclusion, this does not constitute proof. Regarding mechanism, a carcinogen is seen to enhance the potential for the conversion of normal progenitor cells into cancer cells, which underlies the spontaneous incidence of tumors. It follows that carcinogen assays should be most sensitive, when the type of tumor induced by the carcinogen has a spontaneous incidence which is overt but low, or is just barely subthreshold.

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Delayed Effect of Genetic Segregation on the Transmission of the Mammary-Tumor Agent in Mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

The Occurrence of Malignant Lymphomas in Urethan-treated Swiss Mice

The Occurrence of Malignant Lymphomas in Urethan-treated Swiss Mice

Morphologic and Biologic Correlation of Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Hepatic Lesions Occurring “Spontaneously” in C3H × Y Hybrid Mice

Susceptibility to carcinogenesis

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