Delayed healthcare and secondary infections following freshwater stingray injuries: risk factors for a poorly understood health issue in the Amazon

Injuries caused by fish to fishermen in the Vale do Alto Juruá, Western Brazilian Amazon

“…The injured fishermen mostly sustained injuries to the upper limbs (63.7%), with a significant number of injuries to the hands (60.3%). This finding differs from other studies involving traumatic and venomous fish [3][4][5] , in which injuries more frequently involved the lower limbs. Pain and bleeding were reported in most cases, and can result in more serious injuries 5,10 .…”

“…Fishing requires physical strength in an industry dominated by males [3][4][5][6] , also observed in our study. Women are employed on a smaller scale in fishing.…”

“…Injured patients usually seek health services only when the clinical condition worsens. In the Northern region of Brazil, many injuries to humans from aquatic animals occur in distant places that are isolated from urban centers, leaving victims with limited possibilities of medical care 1,2,3 .…”

Superior Optic Vein Thrombosis Related to Orbital Cellulitis Secondary to Aquatic Injury

“…Stingrays are cartilaginous fish that live in salt and fresh water and comprise one of the larger groups of venomous marine animals [1]. The incidence of stingray injury in freshwater is 1.7/100 [2]. Some stingray injuries can be accompanied by infection, toxic effect, and infection by marine bacteria (in 9% of cases) [2][3][4].…”

“…The incidence of stingray injury in freshwater is 1.7/100 [2]. Some stingray injuries can be accompanied by infection, toxic effect, and infection by marine bacteria (in 9% of cases) [2][3][4]. Venom from sea creatures can exacerbate aquatic injuries.…”