Delayed maize leaf senescence increases the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system

Feng, Lingyang; Raza, Muhammad Ali; Shi, Jianyi; Ansar, Muhammad; Titriku, John Kwame; Meraj, Tehseen Ahmad; Shah, Ghulam Abbas; Ahmed, Zaheer; Saleem, Ashiq; Liu, Weiguo; Wang, Xiaochun; Yong, Taiwen; Yuan, Shu; Yang, Feng; Yang, Wenyu

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2020.126092

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Such advantages of cereal-legume intercropping can be achieved through a maize/soybean relay intercropping system, especially in those areas where the growing season is too short for double cropping 19 . The maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is the best intercropping system in yield stability 20 , resource utilization 21 , and economic profit 22 . In MSR, maize yield is often equal or sometimes higher than the sole maize yield 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Raza

Cui

Qin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is a popular cultivation method to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, in MSR, the effects of different strip widths on competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species are still unclear. Therefore, in a two-year field experiment, soybean was relay-intercropped with maize in three different strip-width arrangements (narrow-strips, 180 cm; medium-strips, 200 cm; and wide-strips, 220 cm), and all intercropping results were compared with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS). Results showed that the optimum strip-width for obtaining high grain yields of maize and soybean was 200 cm (medium-strips), which improved the competitive-ability of soybean by maintaining the competitive-ability of maize in MSR. On average, maize and soybean produced 98% and 77% of SM and SS yield, respectively, in medium-strips. The improved grain yields of intercrop species in medium-strips increased the total grain yield of MSR by 15% and land equivalent ratio by 22%, which enhanced the net-income of medium-strips (by 99%, from 620 US $ ha−1 in wide-strips to 1233 US $ ha−1 in medium-strips). Overall, these findings imply that following the optimum strip-width in MSR, i. e., strip-width of 200 cm, grain yields, and competitive interactions of intercrop species can be improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Raza

Cui

Qin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…However, the results of the present study revealed that the slight defoliation (T 1 ) from the top of the soybean canopy significantly increased the PAR transmittance and photosynthesis of soybean compared to nondefoliated soybean plants. These positive responses also enhanced the leaf greenness of the remaining soybean leaves [ 41 ], which delayed the leaf senescence of soybean leaves by increasing their leaf greenness at R 6 and R 7 . Consequently, the remaining lower leaves contributed carbohydrates and nutrients for a longer period to developing pods and seeds and remained a source throughout the reproductive phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. After the harvesting of wheat, the soybean cultivar “Nandou-12 (determinate growth habit, lodging resistant, a variety of medium-maturity group; breeding material of Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Sichuan Province)”, which is the famous cultivar of soybean in the southwest of China, was used as the experimental material [ 9 , 41 ]. In all years of the experiments, soybean was sown (at a seeding rate of 30 kg ha −1 ) in the second week of June at a planting population of 100,000 plants ha −1 using a plant-to-plant distance of 20 cm and a row-to-row distance of 50 cm and harvested in the third week of October.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions

Raza

Gül

Yang

et al. 2021

Plants

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The frequency of heavy rains is increasing with climate change in regions that already have high annual rainfall (i.e., Sichuan, China). Crop response under such high-rainfall conditions is to increase dry matter investment in vegetative parts rather than reproductive parts. In the case of soybean, leaf redundancy prevails, which reduces the light transmittance and seed yield. However, moderate defoliation of soybean canopy could reduce leaf redundancy and improve soybean yield, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Therefore, the effects of three defoliation treatments (T1, 15%; T2, 30%; and T3, 45% defoliation from the top of the soybean canopy; defoliation treatments were applied at the pod initiation stage of soybean) on the growth and yield parameters of soybean were evaluated through field experiments in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019. All results were compared with nondefoliated soybean plants (CK) under high-rainfall conditions. Compared with CK, treatment T1 significantly (p < 0. 05) improved the light transmittance and photosynthetic rate of soybean. Consequently, the leaf greenness was enhanced by 22%, which delayed the leaf senescence by 13% at physiological maturity. Besides, compared to CK, soybean plants achieved the highest values of crop growth rate in T1, which increased the total dry matter accumulation (by 6%) and its translocation to vegetative parts (by 4%) and reproductive parts (by 8%) at physiological maturity. This improved soybean growth and dry matter partitioning to reproductive parts in T1 enhanced the pod number (by 23%, from 823.8 m−2 in CK to 1012.7 m−2 in T1) and seed number (by 11%, from 1181.4 m−2 in CK to 1311.7 m−2 in T1), whereas the heavy defoliation treatments considerably decreased all measured growth and yield parameters. On average, treatment T1 increased soybean seed yield by 9% (from 2120.2 kg ha−1 in CK to 2318.2 kg ha−1 in T1), while T2 and T3 decreased soybean seed yield by 19% and 33%, respectively, compared to CK. Overall, these findings indicate that the optimum defoliation, i.e., T1 (15% defoliation), can decrease leaf redundancy and increase seed yield by reducing the adverse effects of mutual shading and increasing the dry matter translocation to reproductive parts than vegetative parts in soybean, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Future studies are needed to understand the internal signaling and the molecular mechanism controlling and regulating dry matter production and partitioning in soybean, especially from the pod initiation stage to the physiological maturity stage.

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“…The LER value for maize was greater than the LER value for soybeans and showed a value > 1 ( 7). [26] revealed that the LER value > 1 described that intercropping was more benefitable than monoculture. ATER value > 1 indicates that the intercropping system was able to raise plant efficiency in utilizing available natural resources such as sunshine, moisture and soil nutrients availability [27].…”

Section: Competition and Profit Value Of Intercropping Planting System Between Maize And Soybean Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth responses of maize-soybean intercropping system and its potential for cattle feed in Bali

Sari¹,

Dharmawan²,

Yasa³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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There had been a 2.145 ha fields transition in Bali which had a major impact on the loss of food production. However, there was raise in the population annually, therefore it disrupts local food security. Effort to raise the effectiveness and agricultural productivity areas through changing cropping system from monoculture to intercropping. This study aimed to find out the growth responses of maize and soybean crops cultivated by monoculture and intercropping planting systems and its carrying capacity for cattle feed. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely: T1: Bima 20 URI VUB maize seeds in monoculture (40cm x 20cm x 80cm; 1 seed/hole or 70cm x 40cm x 100cm; 2 seeds/hole); T2: Anjasmoro, Deja 2 and Devon soybean VUB seeds in monoculture system (40cm x 20cm; 2-3 seeds/hole); T3: maize-soybean intercropping; Maize (2 rows; 40cm x 12.5; 2 seeds/hole); Soybeans (4 rows; 30cm x 10cm; 2-3 seeds/hole); both distance: 40cm. Data collected were growth performance, yield components and yield capacity of both maize and soybean crops also competition and profit value of maize and soybeans crops cultivated by intercropping planting system. The results showed that monoculture maize crops cultivated by monoculture planting system were better than it intercropped with soybean crops in terms of growth parameters. However, intercropping maize and soybean were produced greater yield components on cobs number, cobs and grains weight than monoculture (P<0.05), except grains weight per cobs. The monoculture soybean plant in growth, components and yield parameters were greater than intercropping (P>0.05). The ATER, LER, RCC, CR, and AYL values were 3.24; 1.28; -2.69; 4.58; -0.098 on maize and 2.52; 0.84; 1.82; 0.21; -0.158 on soybean. Those result was followed by carrying capacity in intercropping system by 30% usage can be used for 1.804 AU meanwhile 40% usage was sufficient for 1.353 AU. Intercropping system can be recommended to farmers to increase growth responses of maize-soybean and its potential carrying capacity for cattle feed.

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Delayed maize leaf senescence increases the land equivalent ratio of maize soybean relay intercropping system

Cited by 55 publications

References 41 publications

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions

Growth responses of maize-soybean intercropping system and its potential for cattle feed in Bali

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