In a biological model of septoplasty in rats, the effect of the operation on the passive avoidance conditioning (PAC) was studied. It has been shown that septoplasty increases anxiety and reduces exploratory activity in rodents under PAC. Neurochemical analysis of the hypothalamus carried out immediately after the end of the experiment revealed an increase in norepinephrine metabolism in rats after septoplasty, which may be associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.