Delayed time course of irritation by sodium lauryl sulfate: Observations on threshold reactions

Bruynzeel, Derk P.; Ketel, W. G. van; Scheper, R.J.; Flier, Bert

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04205.x

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The concentration chosen for SLS exposure was 4%, which has previously been reported to give a clinical response comparable to that obtained by the current nickel exposure regimen (7,8). In macroscopic terms the reactions obtained with the irritant and the allergen were similar at 72 h, whereas at 6 h the SLS-exposed skin exhibited stronger reactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokine Expression in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Investigative Report

Ulfgren

Klareskog²,

Lindberg³

2000

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

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The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the specific and non-specific inflammatory responses to allergens and irritants give rise to immuno-histochemical detectable differences in the cytokine profile in the skin. Skin biopsies taken at 0, 6, 24 and 72 h from contact allergic reactions to nickel and from irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate were analysed. The main finding was that the dermal cells expressed similar patterns of cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) in both types of contact reaction at 72 h. However, two differences were observed. Staining for the IL-1 receptor antagonist was more prominent in the dermis at the late stages of the allergic reaction compared with the late stage of the irritant reaction. The other difference was an increased interferon-gamma staining of infiltrating mononuclear inflammatory cells in the dermis in the sodium lauryl sulphate group compared with the nickel group. A more rapid general onset of cytokine production was found in the sodium lauryl sulphate group than in the nickel group. The main conclusion of this study was that after 6 h the cytokine patterns did not differ between the specific and the non-specific inflammatory responses in the skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokine Expression in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Investigative Report

Ulfgren

Klareskog²,

Lindberg³

2000

Acta Dermato-Venereologica

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“…Allergic and irritant contact eczema cannot be differentiated in all cases by clinical characteristics (53). Similarly, patch tests frequently do not permit a definite differentiation between an allergic and irritant reaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macro‐video documentation patch tests

et al. 2005

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An unequivocal distinction between allergic and irritant patch test reactions is often difficult with patch tests. This study was designed to evaluate the worth of video-macro camera documentation for differentiation between allergic and irritant test reactions and to investigate whether there are characteristic clinical differences in patch test responses between metal salts and fragrances. Patch testing was performed with nickel sulfate, fragrance mix and an irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate 1% aq., on the upper back of 82 patients, with evaluation and computer-aided video documentation after 48 and 72 hr. No reliable clinicomorphological criterion was found for assessing a weak patch test reaction as being definitely allergic. Even characteristic papules and vesicles were not regularly found in allergic reactions. However, unlike fragrance mix, patch test reactions to nickel sulfate were characteristic in that they showed a heterogeneous spread and an association with hair follicle openings, independent of reaction intensity. Evaluation based on additional computer-aided video-macro camera documentation did not add further advantage for the differentiation of allergic and irritant reactions. But well-defined clinicomorphological features and reaction patterns to single test substances or even whole substance categories could be helpful additional criteria for evaluating patch test responses in clinical practice.

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“…Irritant reactions generally decrease in intensity after removal of the patch but late maximal inflammation can be seen (13,14). Reproducible reactions are generally allergic in nature, while irreproducible reactions are more likely to be irritant, as demonstrated by Kligman & Basketter (12).…”

Section: Irritancy and "False-positive" Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximization test

1996

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The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has played a primary role in the evaluation of potential skin contact sensitizers for 25 years. In the OECD Guideline 406 from 1993, it is specifically suggested that equivocal results from the initial challenge in the GPMT should be evaluated further with a repeated challenge. However, there exist few published rechallenge data and the guideline does not describe how rechallenge data should be interpreted. In this paper, we have used examples from published results to illustrate both the positive value and the limitations of repeated challenges, including cross challenge. Testing with modified concentrations may also help to indicate whether or not the response is allergic in nature, particularly where there has been a low level of skin reaction observed in shamtreated controls, or where a low level of skin reaction is the dominant response in the test animals. In conclusion, the data presented demonstrate that, as a tool for the investigation of skin sensitizing potential, the GPMT can benefit from an experienced scientific evaluation of rechallenge data, but that this information should not be treated in a mechanistic fashion.

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Delayed time course of irritation by sodium lauryl sulfate: Observations on threshold reactions

Cited by 68 publications

References 10 publications

An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokine Expression in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Investigative Report

An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cytokine Expression in Allergic and Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Investigative Report

Macro‐video documentation patch tests

The value and limitations of rechallenge in the guinea pig maximization test

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