Deleterious effects of incense smoke exposure on kidney function and architecture in male albino rats

Hussain, Tajamul; Al‐Attas, Omar S.; Alrokayan, Salman A.; Ahmed, Mukhtar; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.; Al-Ameri, Salman; Pervez, Shamsh; Dewangan, Shippi; Mohammed, Arif A.; Gambhir, Dikshit; Sumague, Terrance S.

doi:10.1080/08958378.2016.1179372

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported that a wide range of air pollutants including ultrafine particles, PM, and volatile organic compounds produced from incense burning are detrimental to the vascular health 35 . Studies have demonstrated the capacity of incense smoke to induce oxidative stress and inflammation [36][37][38][39] , which may lead to significantly reduced vascular nitric oxide levels and increased levels of endothelin-1 and inflammatory mediators, such as granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The unregulated levels of these mediators would destruct the vascular vasodilation and constriction 40,41 , thereby promoting vascular dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor incense burning impacts cognitive functions and brain functional connectivity in community older adults

Wong

Lou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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To investigate (1) the effects of indoor incense burning upon cognition over 3 years; (2) the associations between indoor incense burning with the brain's structure and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN); and (3) the interactions between indoor incense burning and vascular disease markers upon cognitive functions. Community older adults without stroke or dementia were recruited (n = 515). Indoor incense use was self-reported as having burnt incense at home ≥ weekly basis over the past 5 years. Detailed neuropsychological battery was administered at baseline (n = 227) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment at baseline and year 3 (n = 515). MRI structural measures and functional connectivity of the DMN were recorded at baseline. Demographic and vascular risk factors and levels of outdoor pollutants were treated as covariates. Indoor incense burning was associated with reduced performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline and year 3 as well as decreased connectivity in the DMN. It interacted with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and white matter hyperintensities to predict poorer cognitive performance. Indoor incense burning is (1) associated with poorer cognitive performance over 3 years; (2) related to decreased brain connectivity; and (3) it interacts with vascular disease to predispose poor cognitive performance. Incense burning is a religious ritual commonly practised in many cultures and is popular among older adults. Incense comes in many forms, with 'joss sticks' being the commonest choice for home use (Fig. 1). Incense is made up of a mixture of fragrance materials and herbal, wood and adhesive powder 1. When incense is burnt, pollutants including particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), volatile organic compounds, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are released into the air 1,2. Incense burning is considered a major source of indoor air pollution; the amount of PM generated by incense can be up to 4.5 times of that by cigarettes 2. Incense smoke is associated with carcinogenicity, increased cardiovascular mortality and respiratory conditions 1,3-5. Although there is currently a lack of published data showing a direct link between incense burning with cognitive and brain health, air pollution research suggests that pollutants emitted from incense smoke are associated with accelerated cognitive aging, intellectual decline and an increased risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and vascular dementia 6-11. Moreover, long term exposure to air pollution is associated with smaller total brain volume and volume in prefrontal cortex, white matter and associations areas in frontal, temporal regions and corpus callosum. It is also related to the development of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor incense burning impacts cognitive functions and brain functional connectivity in community older adults

Wong

Lou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…We selected the potential confounders based on prior consideration of the associations with risk of ESRD in this population [23][24][25][26]. Experimental studies in animal models suggest that long-term incense use may have deleterious effects on kidney function [27], while the use of Chinese herbal medicine and the risk of ESRD has been described in human studies [28], Conversely, ginseng may have important bioactive constituents that can control pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy [29]. Since information on incense use and intake of ginseng and medicinal soup was available in this population, we had also included these as covariates in the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep duration and risk of end-stage renal disease: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

et al. 2019

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Objectives: Although epidemiological evidence suggests that short sleep duration may affect renal function, the influence of long sleep and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unclear. We examined the association between sleep duration and risk of ESRD. Methods: We investigated sleep duration and ESRD risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese in Singapore, who were aged 45-74 years at recruitment (1993-1998). Information on daily sleep duration (including naps), diet, medical history and other lifestyle factors was collected at recruitment from in-person interviews. ESRD cases were identified via linkage with the nationwide Singapore Renal Registry through year 2014. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression method to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ESRD in relation to sleep duration. Results: After an average 16.8 years of follow-up, 1,143 (1.81%) ESRD cases were documented. Sleep duration had a U-shaped association with risk of ESRD (P for quadratic trend < 0.001). Compared with participants with 7 hours/day of sleep, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of ESRD was 1.43 (1.18-1.74) for short sleep (≤ 5 hours/day) and 1.28 (1.

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“…A significant reversal of oxidative stresswas observed within 30 days of cessation of incense smoke exposure, with consequential up-regulation of endothelial function and inflammation, thus confirming that incense smoke may be responsible for the induction of the pathology (37) . Furthermore, the induction of Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) by BaP or other constituents either alone or in combination in rats exposed to incense smoke, maybe responsible for the mechanistic event for the increase in oxidative stress and inflammation of kidney dysfunction and tissue degeneration (19) . Additionally, myocardial degeneration together with increased oxidative stress and inflammation may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular and endothelial dysfunction, as well as irregularity in heart rate amongst incense-smoke exposed subjects (43) .…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies demonstrate that continuous exposure to incense smoke predisposes the development of asthma, dermatitis, respiratory complications and hypertension (15)(16)(17) . Moreover, exposure to carcinogens emitted from incense burning increases the risk of cancer development (18)(19)(20) . Furthermore, the pathological and pharmacological effect of incense smoke on organs have been reported in the lung, testis, skin, liver and kidney (19,(21)(22)(23) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incense Smoke Exposure: An Appraisal of Organ Toxicity

Adebanji M. Akingbade,

Samson A. Odukoya,

Adeoye O. Oyewopo

et al. 2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Background: This narrative type review aimed to address organ toxicity emanating from incense usage.Methods: An online search using the following MeSH terms "Incense smoke,", "adverse effects," "organotoxicity", "oxidative stress" and "inflammation" was done to identify studies directly applicable to adverse effects of incense smoke exposure.Findings: Exposure to incense smoke demonstrated various toxicity changes in the kidney, testes, lungs, liver and heart. Renal effects included a decrease in oxidative stress markers GSH and CAT, increase in MDA, serum creatinine uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Testicular toxicityrevealed significant disturbances in spermatogenetic patterns, testicular atrophy, germinal aplasia, hypospermia and damage to the basal seminiferous epithelia tissue. In the cardiac muscle, ultrastructural changes, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered cardiac hypertrophic gene expression was noted. Thenegative impact of incense smoke emanating from free radical (ROS), lipid peroxidation and GSH destabilizes vascular homeostasis and initiates ahyperinflammatory response, warranting the need to understand the conceptual basis of the mode of action linked to incense exposure. Conclusion:We highlight that incense generates ROS which initiates lipid peroxidation through ATP energy depletion and reduction in the natural antioxidants. This subsequently triggers oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction resulting in organotoxicity.

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Deleterious effects of incense smoke exposure on kidney function and architecture in male albino rats

Abstract: Long-term exposure to incense smoke may have deleterious effects on kidney function and architecture. Though, inhalation is the rout of exposure, findings of this study underscore that incense smoke may also have an effect on non-pulmonary tissues.

Cited by 18 publications

References 62 publications

Indoor incense burning impacts cognitive functions and brain functional connectivity in community older adults

Indoor incense burning impacts cognitive functions and brain functional connectivity in community older adults

Sleep duration and risk of end-stage renal disease: the Singapore Chinese Health Study

Incense Smoke Exposure: An Appraisal of Organ Toxicity

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