Deleterious Effects of Mycotoxin Combinations Involving Ochratoxin A

Klarić, Maja Šegvić; Rašić, Dubravka; Peraica, Maja

doi:10.3390/toxins5111965

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Mycotoxin combinations can result in antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects depending on cell type, endpoint and applied dose (Klari c et al, 2013). Klari c et al (2012) reported a dose dependant synergistic interaction between OTA and CIT measuring apoptotic effect; however, the same treatment had an antagonist effect on micronucleus rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

High content analysis: A sensitive tool to detect and quantify the cytotoxic, synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemical contaminants in foods

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

High content analysis: A sensitive tool to detect and quantify the cytotoxic, synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemical contaminants in foods

et al. 2015

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“…Food contamination by CIT is usually observed together with contamination by other nephrotoxic mycotoxins, mainly with OTA. These two mycotoxins are considered to be the cause of endemic nephropathy [1,7,8]. In comparison with other mycotoxins, CIT contamination of food and food commodities is rather rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A fully automated and fast method using direct sample injection combined with fused-core column on-line SPE–HPLC for determination of ochratoxin A and citrinin in lager beers

et al. 2016

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A new fast and sensitive method based on on-line solid-phase extraction on a fused-core precolumn coupled to liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed for ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) determination in lager beer samples. Direct injection of 100 μL filtered beer samples into an on-line SPE-HPLC system enabled fast and effective sample extraction including separation in less than 6 min. Preconcentration of OTA and CIT from beer samples was performed on an Ascentis Express RP C18 guard column (5 × 4.6 mm), particle size 2.7 μm, with a mobile phase of methanol/0.5% aqueous acetic acid pH 2.8 (30:70, v/v) at a flow rate of 2.0 mL min(-1). The flow switch from extraction column to analytical column in back-flush mode was set at 2.0 min and the separation was performed on the fused-core column Ascentis Express Phenyl-Hexyl (100 × 4.6 mm), particle size 2.7 μm, with a mobile phase acetonitrile/0.5% aqueous acetic acid pH 2.8 in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and temperature of 50 °C. Fluorescence excitation/emission detection wavelengths were set at 335/497 nm. The accuracy of the method, defined as the mean recoveries of OTA and CIT from light and dark beer samples, was in the range 98.3-102.1%. The method showed high sensitivity owing to on-line preconcentration; LOQ values were found to be 10 and 20 ng L(-1) for OTA and CIT, respectively. The found values of OTA and CIT in all tested light, dark and wheat beer samples were significantly below the maximum tolerable limits (3.0 μg kg(-1) for OTA and 2000 μg kg(-1) for CIT) set by the European Union.

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“…The two toxins together also increase degeneration in kidney proximal tubules (Klarić et al, 2013;Stoev, 2013;Stoev and Denev, 2013). The synergistic worm toxicity of penicilllic acid and ochratoxin A is interesting as the fungi producing these combinations of toxins are often growing in corn and other cereals (Lund and Frisvad, 1994;Visagie et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of producers of small lactone mycotoxins: patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin

Frisvad

2018

WMJ

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A very large number of filamentous fungi has been reported to produce the small lactone mycotoxins patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin. Among the 167 reported fungal producers of patulin, only production by 29 species could be confirmed. Patulin is produced by 3 Aspergillus species, 3 Paecilomyces species, 22 Penicillium species from 7 sections of Penicillium, and one Xylaria species. Among 101 reported producers of penicillic acid, 48 species could produce this mycotoxin. Penicillic acid is produced by 23 species in section Aspergillus subgenus Circumdati section Circumdati, by Malbranchea aurantiaca and by 24 Penicillium species from 9 sections in Penicillium and one species that does not actually belong to Penicillium (P. megasporum). Among 40 reported producers of moniliformin, five species have been regarded as doubtful producers of this mycotoxin or are now regarded as taxonomic synonyms. Moniliformin is produced by 34 Fusarium species and one Penicillium species. All the accepted producers of patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin were revised according to the new one fungus – one name nomenclatural system, and the most recently accepted taxonomy of the species.

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Deleterious Effects of Mycotoxin Combinations Involving Ochratoxin A

Cited by 99 publications

References 108 publications

High content analysis: A sensitive tool to detect and quantify the cytotoxic, synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemical contaminants in foods

High content analysis: A sensitive tool to detect and quantify the cytotoxic, synergistic and antagonistic effects of chemical contaminants in foods

A fully automated and fast method using direct sample injection combined with fused-core column on-line SPE–HPLC for determination of ochratoxin A and citrinin in lager beers

A critical review of producers of small lactone mycotoxins: patulin, penicillic acid and moniliformin

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