Deletion analysis identifies a region, upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is required for ADR1-mediated derepression.

Abstract

Deletion analysis was used to identify sequences upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are required for its regulation. S' and 3' internal deletions of the ADH2 control region were created in vitro, and the fragments were ligated adjacent to the ADHI promoter and structural gene. Hybrid genes with 3' deletions extending from -119 to -216 (the start site of ADH2 transcription is designated + 1) were fully repressed and derepressed to high levels. Hybrid genes with 3' deletions extending from -119 to -257 were repressed but failed to significantly derepress. Hybrid genes lacking the -216 to -257 region also failed to respond to ADRI-5c, a mutant allele of the unlinked regulatory gene ADRI, which confers constitutive expression on ADH2. This implies that the region between these deletion endpoints, which includes a 22-base-pair sequence of dyad symmetry, is required for efficient derepression of an adjacent promoter. Internal deletions extending in the 3' direction from position -1141 confirmed these results. Deletion mutants lacking the region -1141 to -259 were normally regulated, whereas deletions extending from -1141 to -115 were not derepressible. These results support the hypotheses that the ADH2 promoter may normally be in an inactive conformation in the yeast chromosome and that derepression of ADH2 requires positive activation mediated through an upstream activation sequence located between 216 and 257 base pairs 5' to the start site of ADH2 transcription. No evidence for a DNA sequence mediating repression was obtained.

Xfin: an embryonic gene encoding a multifingered protein in Xenopus.

“…Thus it seems that a few fingers are sufficient for sequence recognition and binding. The presence of 37 fingers is even more surprising in light of the recent study by Rhodes and Klug (1986) (Lassar et al, 1983), the yeast regulator ADRI (Beier et al, 1985) and steroid hormone receptors (reviewed by Yamamoto, 1985). In the case of the human estrogen receptor recent experiments have shown that the DNA sequences to which the protein binds depends on the specific finger domains (Green and Chambon, 1987 Figure 4B).…”

Positive regulation of the beta-galactosidase gene from Kluyveromyces lactis is mediated by an upstream activation site that shows homology to the GAL upstream activation site of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

“…The fusion of heterologous promoter elements has been applied to a number of other yeast genes (1,18,19), as well as control elements of higher eucaryotes (5), and has demonstrated the mosaiclike structure of eucaryotic promoters. In most yeast genes at least two promoter elements have been identified: the sequences surrounding the transcription initiation site(s), including one or several TATA-boxes, and a positive control element, UAS, which activates transcription in response to the inducer (for a review see reference 14).…”

Response to acetaldehyde stress in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a strain‐dependent regulation of several ALD genes and is mediatedby the general stress response pathway

“…The enzymes that are ultimately responsible for these metabolic pathways are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), each of which contains several isoenzymes. The interconversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde is catalysed by the alcohol dehydrogenases (Lutstorf and Megnet, 1968;Beier et al, 1985). Acetaldehyde can be metabolized by its oxidation to acetate, which is carried out by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH).…”