Deletion of amino acid residues 33-46 in growth hormone alters the hydrophobicity of the molecule

Abstract

Growth hormone (GH) variants have been studied for the structure-function relationship of the molecule. The presence of a potential alternate splicing point in mRNA in bGH gene at exon 3, similar to hGH has been reported by workers. Early investigation on the characteristics of the chemistry of 20k oGH showed that the molecule was produced by site-directed mutagenesis by deleting amino acid residues 33-46 and the resultant DNA was expressed in E. coli under the control of lac promoter in pUC based plasmid. The mutant protein remained insoluble and did not refold. To investigate the effect of deletion on the chemistry of the molecule, computational biology tools were employed. The mutant with the deletion of amino acid residues 33-46, was designed and the model was visualized on computer. The structure of 20k bGH was compared with bGH and dissected for hydrogen bonds and hydrophobicity. Computational biology tools were helpful in elucidating the role of 33-46 amino acid residues domain in the chemistry of the molecule. Furthermore, it was revealed that removal of amino acid residues 33-46 which formed the hydrogen bonds involving Glu 33, Gln 46, Pro 38, Arg 42, Tyr 43,Ala 51, Thr 48, Asn 47, led to the formation of new hydrogen bonds between Thr 33, Tyr 144, Asn 32, Asn 32 and Ser and Asp 153. The removal of the amino acids 33-46 decreased the hydro-phobicity of the first helix of bGH molecule, as compared to 20k hGH, thus altering the solubility of the molecule, confirming the earlier reported results for ovine growth hormone with same deletion.

Biotechnological recovery of chitin from crustacean waste

“…It is remarkable to have reduced bioprocessing time to 3 to 16 hours (Manni et al 2010;Giyose et al 2010;Younes et al 2012;Younes et al 2014;Hongkulsup et al 2016), bearing in mind that some conditions such as the use of commercial enzymes, processing times, and the possibility of applying different microorganisms from those already studied (Table 1), need to be evaluated before attempting to scale the bioprocess up.…”

“…Additionally, other proteolytic bacterial species with relevant results on crustacean waste DP and DM have been studied, such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, Streptomyces, beside others (Doan et al 2019;Chakravarty et al 2018;Sedaghat et al 2017;Zhang et al 2016;Hongkulsup et al 2016;Sedaghat et al 2015;Liu et al 2014;Mao et al 2013;Zhang et al 2012;Giyose et al 2010;Aytekin and Elibol 2010;Prameela et al 2010;Sorokulova et al 2009).…”