Deliberate self-harm in adolescents in Oxford, 1985–1995

Hawton, Keith; Fagg, Joan; Simkin, Sue; Bale, Elizabeth; Bond, Alison

doi:10.1006/jado.1999.0290

Cited by 124 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although there is a consensus among researchers that SI is of a mostly impulsive character [1,20], Favazza mentioned [14] that an individual may brood on the SI for hours and days engaging in rituals around the act. While we failed to find other comprehensive literature data concerning how much time passes between thinking and carrying out SI, our findings confirm that a third of the self-injurers-similar to those attempting suicide-premeditate for hours or days before the self-injuring action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cit.). However, a number of authors [20,39] have identified differences regarding the motivational aspects between male and female self-injurers in school and clinical studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to community-based studies, self-injury (SI, SIB) including suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury (SSI, NSSI) is increasingly prevalent in secondary school reports and in community-based surveys of adolescents ranging from 2.2 to 15% [12,32,43]. However, although researchers do not include cases of violent SI in the statistics of DSH in the majority of studies [19][20][21], frequency data of SI may vary depending on whether impulsive or non-impulsive self-poisoning is considered self-injurious practice by the authors. Hungarian data from the ''Child and adolescent self harm in Europe (CASE)'' project studying the risk factors of youth suicide in a sample of more than 4,000 adolescents failed to discriminate between suicidal and self-injurious behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonfatal deliberate SI or self-harm is not only most common in young people, especially young females [20,42], but is also the most frequent diagnosis among adolescent females in outpatient psychiatric facilities [18,20,21,25]. Ross and Heath [40] stress that 13.9% of students, especially girls, in community samples report self-mutilation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical diagnoses, characteristics of risk behaviour, differences between suicidal and non-suicidal subgroups of Hungarian adolescent outpatients practising self-injury

Csorba

Dinya

Plener

et al. 2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Self-injury (SI), self-injurious behaviour (SIB), including suicidal or non-suicidal self-injury (SSI, NSSI) represent an increasing problem among teenagers amounting to a 6–17% prevalence rate in adolescence, yet little data exists on detailed characteristics and associated factors of SI reaching clinical severity. There is also a scarcity of data distinguishing between suicidal and non-suicidal subsamples of self-injuring patients, i.e. showing which predictors contribute to develop self-injurious behaviour with a previous suicidal history (SSI). Method: Clinical diagnoses and characteristics of risk behaviour were examined in a crosssectional design in suicidal and non-suicidal subgroups of Hungarian adolescent outpatients practising self-injurious behaviour. From the total pool of 708 new patients consecutively referred with various psychiatric problems in five regional child psychiatric centres in Western-Hungary over an 18-month period, 105 adolescent outpatients suffering from self-injurious behaviour participated in the study (28 males and 77 females aged from 14 to 18 years, mean age 15.97, SD 1.05). The Ottawa/Queen’s self-injury questionnaire (OSI) was used to measure the characteristics of risk behaviour, while the comorbid clinical diagnoses were confirmed by the M.I.N.I. Plus International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Descriptive statistics presented the frequencies of the characteristics of SI, bilateral comparisons were used to reveal relevant items to differentiate between sex, duration of practice and SSI versus NSSI and logistic regression was performed to identify significant predictors of suicidal subtype of self-injuring practice. Results: A total of 60% of the clinical SI population experienced a present or past episode of major depression. The motivation of patients to resist impulses and to discontinue malpractice was low. Cutting and scratching was the most common self-injuring methods. Two-thirds of the sample practised the impulsive type of SI, while 30% practised premeditated SI having an incubation time from 30 min to days and weeks before carrying out SI. Although duration of SI did not distinguish the sample in important aspects, girls and boys differed in several aspects of SI practice. SSI adolescents differed from their NSSI peers in a number of important characteristics including the frequency of actions, injured areas, methods, specific stresses and motivations. SSI adolescents were more likely to favour cutting of the lower leg and drug overdose as modes of SI. SSI adolescents were more likely to report addictive features than their peers with no suicidal motivation. From the aspect of self-injurious practice, logistic regression analysis found only two significant predictors for the combined pathology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cit.). However, a number of authors [20,39] have identified differences regarding the motivational aspects between male and female self-injurers in school and clinical studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical diagnoses, characteristics of risk behaviour, differences between suicidal and non-suicidal subgroups of Hungarian adolescent outpatients practising self-injury

Csorba

Dinya

Plener

et al. 2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…These panels defined suicide attempt as a "potentially self-injurious behavior with a nonfatal outcome, for which ether is evidence (either implicit or explicit) that the person intended at some (nonzero) level to kill himself/herself" (O'Carroll, Berman, Maris, & Mosicicki, 1996), p. 247). Studies which examine any suicidality or a continuum of suicidality (e.g., ideation to attempt; Foley, Goldston, Costello, & Angold, 2006) or which use more liberal definitions (e.g., all self-injury regardless of suicide intent; Hawton, Fagg, Simkin, Bale, & Bond, 2000 and "have you tried to kill yourself or done anything that could have killed you," are not included. For the purposes of the present review, AI represents the broad domain of alcohol usage (e.g., frequency of use, frequency of heavy use, quantity consumed), alcohol consequences, and alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adolescent alcohol involvement and suicide attempts: Toward the development of a conceptual framework

Bagge

Sher

2008

Clinical Psychology Review

114

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The present article provides a conceptual framework of the relation between alcohol involvement (A) and suicide attempts (S). This framework can be broadly construed to reflect two dimensions: directionality (direction of causality; A→S, S→A, or a spurious relation) and temporality (distinguishing between proximal and distal effects of both behaviors). We review and evaluate the evidence on the association between A and S among adolescents using this conceptual framework as a guide. The extant data suggest that this relation is complex and not fully understood. Further, it seems unlikely that a single approach will be found to determine direction of causality, and the specification and validation of hypothesized mechanisms will involve a variety of different types of evidence. Suggestions for additional research using informative designs are discussed.Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents and accounts for more deaths per year than the next seven leading causes combined (Anderson & Smith, 2003). In 2004, the incidence of suicide was 1.3/100,000 per year among youth aged 10-14 and 8.2/100,000 per year among adolescents aged 15-19 (Center of Disease Control [CDC], 2005). It is estimated that for every death by suicide there are between 8 to 25 nonfatal suicide attempts (Moscicki, 2001). Beyond the tragedy of self-inflicted mortality, the repercussions of adolescent suicide on close friends, extended peer networks, and the family are often severe and account for additional emotional and economic costs to individuals and society (Miller, Covington, & Jenson, 1999). Recognizing the importance of adolescent suicide and suicide attempts to the Nation's health, Healthy People 2010 (Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2000) has listed as high priority goals to reduce, by more than half, completed suicide overall and suicide attempts in youth.Given the seriousness of suicide, there is historical interest in identifying the factors that predispose adolescents to attempt suicide. Alcohol involvement (AI) is consistently implicated in adolescent suicide attempts (Mehlenbeck, Spirito, Barnett, & Overholser, 2003). This association has been hypothesized since the birth of modern psychiatry. Menninger conceptualized addiction as both a protracted from of chronic suicide and as playing a part in focal deliberate "accidents" (Menninger, 1938). Similar to Menninger, we believe that alcohol can relate to suicide attempts both situationally and chronically, and the aim of this paper is to put forth a conceptual framework of the relation between AI and suicide attempts.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Courtney L. Bagge, University of Missouri-Columbia, Department of Psychological Sciences, 200 South Seventh Street, Columbia, MO 65211-0001. I may also be reached by telephone at (573) 882-9770, by fax at (573) 884-5588 or by email at CLBF34@mizzou.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a...

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