Delimitation of evolutionary units in Cuvier’s dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807): insights from conservation of a broadly distributed species

Muniz, Fábio; Campos, Zilca; Rangel, Sandra Marcela Hernández; Martínez, José Gregório; Souza, Bruno de Campos; Thoisy, Benoı̂t de; Botero‐Arias, Robinson; Hrbek, Tomas; Farias, Izeni Pires

doi:10.1007/s10592-017-1035-6

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…These observations and conclusions reinforce the conclusions of Fraga et al (2014) and Guedes et al (2018) that Amazonia has a high potential to contain still-to-be-discovered and undescribed species, and parallel observations in other Amazonian herps (e.g. Carminer et al 2017, Muniz et al 2018, Bittencourt et al 2019). Our results further highlight the importance of standardized faunal surveys in poorly sampled areas in the Amazonian biome.…”

Section: Pit Oet Oe Tcssupporting

confidence: 83%

Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia

et al. 2020

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Snakes are a diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates of the order Squamata. Despite that, in the Amazonian biome, information about distribution and identification of snakes is limited when compared to other groups. Additionally, in Amazonia there is a sampling bias towards areas geographically close to urban centers and more densely populated areas. This in turn leads to false distribution gaps in poorly accessible areas of Amazonia. In this article we report the composition of snake assemblages in six areas of the Brazilian Amazonia, based on field sampling conducted over four years using standardized methods. We sampled 70 species from eight families: Typhlopidae (n=1), Leptotyphlopidae (n=1), Anillidae (n=1), Boidae (n=5), Colubridae (n=15), Dipsadidae (n=35), Elapidae (n=7), and Viperidae (n=5). The largest number of species was recorded in the Trombetas River area and the lowest in the Jatapu River area. The total beta diversity was 0.40 and the snake assemblages were structured mainly by replacement (72.5%). The time-limited search was the method that recorded the greatest number of individuals in the studied areas (44.1%) and also the greatest number of species (n=40). However, some species were recorded only by other methods such as interception by pitfall traps with directional fences. Despite the large number of species sampled in the study, no particular area comprised more than 40% of species registered in all the areas, indicating that snakes are poorly detected even with large sampling effort across multiple areas of a species distribution. Riqueza de espécies e composição de assembleias de serpentes em áreas pouco acessíveis na Amazônia brasileiraResumo: Serpentes compõem um diverso grupo de animais vertebrados terrestres pertencentes à ordem Squamata. Apesar de serem um dos grupos mais diversos do mundo, na Amazônia, as informações acerca da taxonomia e distribuição de serpentes são limitadas quando comparadas com as disponíveis para outros grupos de vertebrados. Além disso, na Amazônia existe um viés de amostragem em áreas geograficamente próximas aos centros urbanos e locais densamente povoados. Isso por sua vez leva a falsas diferenças de distribuição em áreas pouco amostradas. Neste artigo nós apresentamos a composição de assembleias de serpentes em seis áreas na Amazônia brasileira, baseada em amostragens de campo padronizadas e realizadas durante quatro anos. Foram amostradas 70 espécies de oito famílias: Typhlopidae (n=1), Leptotyphlopidae (n=1), Anillidae (n=1), Boidae (n=5), Colubridae (n=15), Dipsadidae (n=35), Elapidae (n=7) e Viperidae (n=5). A maior riqueza foi registrada no Rio Trombetas e a menor no Rio Jatapu. A beta diversidade total foi de 0.40 e a substituição foi a principal força que estruturou as

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Section: Pit Oet Oe Tcssupporting

confidence: 83%

Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia

et al. 2020

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“…Following single locus species discovery analyses, we chose the most frequent haplotype from each lineage discovered in the GMYC analysis and combined these haplotypes with outgroup sequences from Alligator mississippiensis ( EU496863 ), A. sinensis ( AF432918 ), Melanosuchus niger ( EU161675 ), Caiman latirostris ( EU161674 ), C. yacare ( JF315314 ), C. crocodilus ( EU161660 ) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus ( MH846344 , MH846457 , MH846503 ) ( Glenn et al, 2002 ; Hrbek et al, 2008 ; Oaks, 2011 ; Muniz et al, 2018 ). We inferred the divergence time between main lineages of Paleosuchus trigonatus and P. palpebrosus using the add-on package CladeAge ( Matschiner et al, 2017 ) implemented in the Bayesian software BEAST 2 ( Bouckaert et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, South American crocodilians were also shown to possess intraspecific lineages with highly restricted gene flow. Muniz et al (2018) have shown that the Cuvier’s dwarf caiman P. palpebrosus comprises at least three lineages—Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) occupying the Amazon, Madeira-Bolivia and Pantanal basins—and the authors speculate that P. palpebrous could be a complex of cryptic species hidden under the same scientific epithet. Independent of being recognized as distinct species or formally described as such, these crocodilian lineages are the direct outcome of evolution, and thus their recognition and study is necessary to comprehend the evolutionary history of this group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caimanPaleosuchus trigonatus(Alligatoridae: Caimaninae)

Bittencourt

Campos

Muniz

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Schneider’s dwarf caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus is one of the smallest living crocodilians. Due to its broad distribution, cryptic behavior, and small home range, the species is well suited for the study of phylogeographic patterns on a continental scale. Additionally, this species is under threat due to habitat loss, trade and harvest, but is considered at low conservation risk by the IUCN. In the present study we test the hypothesis that P. trigonatus is comprised of geographically structured lineages. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and single locus species discovery methods revealed the existence of two well-supported lineages within P. trigonatus—an Amazonian and Guianan lineage. Fossil calibrated divergence of these lineages was estimated to have occurred in the Late Miocene (7.5 Ma). The hypothesis that the Atlantic coast drainages might have been colonized from the southeast or central Amazon is supported by demographic metrics and relatively low genetic diversity of the Coastal and upper Branco populations when compared to the Amazon basin populations. The Amazon basin lineage is structured along an east-west gradient, with a sharp transition in haplotype frequencies to the east and west of the Negro and Madeira rivers. These lineages are already under anthropogenic threat and, therefore, are conservation dependent. Recognition of these lineages will foster discussion of conservation future of P. trigonatus and these lineages.

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“…The only living members of Alligatoroidea are two species in Alligatorinae ( Alligator mississippiensis Daudin 1809 from southeastern North America and A. sinensis Fauvel 1879 from China) and six currently recognized Neotropical species (depending on the division of certain species complexes; Brochu, 1999 ; Godshalk, 2014 ; Escobedo-Galván et al, 2015 ; Uetz, Freed & Hošek, 2018 ; Muniz et al, 2018 ; Borges et al, 2018 ; Bittencourt et al, 2019 ; Roberto et al, 2020 ) within Caimaninae ( Paleosuchus Gray, 1862 , Melanosuchus Gray, 1862 , and Caiman Spix, 1825 ). The earliest known members of both Alligatorinae and Caimaninae occur in Paleocene deposits in North and South America, respectively ( Bona, 2007 ; Brochu, 2011 ; Pinheiro et al, 2013 ; Cossette & Brochu, 2018 ; Bona et al, 2018 ; Cidade, Fortier & Hsiou, 2020 ), but the known fossil record suggests a reversal of diversity fortune during the Cenozoic—disappearance of stem alligatorines was a primary driver in the observed drop in crocodyliform diversity after the middle Eocene, and there appears to be a sharp increase in caimanine diversity in the Neogene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new caimanine alligatorid from the Middle Eocene of Southwest Texas and implications for spatial and temporal shifts in Paleogene crocodyliform diversity

Stocker

Brochu

Kirk

2021

PeerJ

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Dramatic early Cenozoic climatic shifts resulted in faunal reorganization on a global scale. Among vertebrates, multiple groups of mammals (e.g., adapiform and omomyiform primates, mesonychids, taeniodonts, dichobunid artiodactyls) are well known from the Western Interior of North America in the warm, greenhouse conditions of the early Eocene, but a dramatic drop in the diversity of these groups, along with the introduction of more dry-tolerant taxa, occurred near the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Crocodyliforms underwent a striking loss of diversity at this time as well. Pre-Uintan crocodyliform assemblages in the central Western Interior are characterized by multiple taxa, whereas Chadronian assemblages are depauperate with only Alligator prenasalis previously known. Crocodyliform diversity through the intervening Uintan and Duchesnean is not well understood. The middle Eocene Devil’s Graveyard Formation (DGF) of southwest Texas provides new data from southern latitudes during that crucial period. A new specimen from the middle member of the DGF (late Uintan–Duchesnean) is the most complete cranial material of an alligatorid known from Paleogene deposits outside the Western Interior. We identify this specimen as a caimanine based on notched descending laminae of the pterygoids posterior to the choanae and long descending processes of the exoccipitals that are in contact with the basioccipital tubera. Unlike Eocaiman cavernensis, the anterior palatine process is rounded rather than quadrangular. The relationships and age of this new taxon support the hypothesis that the modern distribution of caimanines represents a contraction of a more expansive early Cenozoic distribution. We hypothesize that the range of caimanines tracked shifting warm, humid climatic conditions that contracted latitudinally toward the hothouse-icehouse transition later in the Eocene.

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Delimitation of evolutionary units in Cuvier’s dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier, 1807): insights from conservation of a broadly distributed species

Cited by 41 publications

References 61 publications

Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia

Species richness and composition of snake assemblages in poorly accessible areas in the Brazilian Amazonia

Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caimanPaleosuchus trigonatus(Alligatoridae: Caimaninae)

A new caimanine alligatorid from the Middle Eocene of Southwest Texas and implications for spatial and temporal shifts in Paleogene crocodyliform diversity

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