Delimiting the CBD

Murphy, Raymond E.; Vance, James E.

doi:10.2307/141867

Cited by 122 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These are remarkably consistent with the theoretical work of Haig [1] and Mitchell and Rapkin [3]. Mention also should be made of studies by Murphy and Vance [7,8)] and Murphy et al [9] since they have been very influential. Whereas the Haig-Mitchell and Rapkin-Alderson and Sessions perspective may be characterized as a functional approach, the Murphy and Vance studies were rather morphological in nature for they were more concerned with form than with function.…”

Section: Relationship Between Land Valuessupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between land values and uses in Sydney′s central area

Whipple

1995

Journal of Property Finance

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. IntroductionIf we are to make informed investment decisions we need, among other things, to understand the nature and functioning of the physical environment within which funds are to be committed. It aids understanding if we can offer a rational answer to a question of profound significance posed in 1927 by Robert Murray Haig[1]: "Where do things belong in an urban area?"In attempting to answer that question, he proposed and developed the major elements of urban land use location theory that are valid to this day. Indeed, Ratcliff[2], in his restatement of Haig's theorizing, went so far as to claim that he "set forth concepts which are the very cornerstone of modern urban land economics" and that "[l]ater workers in the field of land economics have contributed little of theoretical value…"Haig commenced by regarding the establishment as the basic space user. He then examined its internal structure and the forces external to it which influence its location. To Haig, establishments are "packets of functions". The way in which a firm combines its constituent functions is one determinant of its location. Over time, an establishment may discard or relocate one or more of its functions. A legal firm, for example, may relocate its storage function and store its files elsewhere at less cost. As a site's locational characteristics change, such a separation of functions may take place so that the establishment may continue to maintain its presence there at a cost it can afford.Moving to external factors, he noted that, as one moves from the periphery of the city towards its centre, transport costs decrease but, as competition sets in for closer-in locations, site rents increase. In short, site rents and transport costs are complementary. In this process the firm which locates successfully outbids all others. Equivalently, uses locate according to their rent-paying ability -the latter determined in part by the way in which management combines the firm's functions at that location. In the process of interacting with other establishments, the costs of overcoming the distance separating them have to be

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Section: Relationship Between Land Valuessupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between land values and uses in Sydney′s central area

Whipple

1995

Journal of Property Finance

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“…Precise delimitation of activity centers in a range of cities using consistent criteria was pioneered by the work of Murphy and Vance (1954) on CBDs. Their procedure, using detailed land-use criteria, was augmented by Horwood and Boyce (1959).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Job Concentrations: The Los Angeles Case

Forstall¹,

Greene²

1997

Urban Geography

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This paper aims to develop a simple technique for defining employment concentrations, suitable for application to any large North American urban area, and to implement it for a major area. Following a review of earlier work, the 1990 distribution patterns of population, resident workers, and jobs in greater Los Angeles are mapped, summarized in tabular form, and compared. After a consideration of alternative approaches, employment concentrations are delineated using census tracts, with the 1990 employment/residence ratio as chief criterion, rather than job density. Of 120 concentrations defined, 11 have more than 100,000 jobs each and 28 have at least 50,000. Downtown Los Angeles, still the region's largest concentration, now is rivaled by the relatively new Irvine. Comparable 1980 data show job growth in most concentrations, although increases Downtown have been modest. The industry profiles of the largest concentrations vary widely, especially as to the significance of manufacturing, which dominates some concentrations but is relatively unimportant in others. The data are inconclusive as to whether jobs in the region became more or less concentrated during the 1980s. The paper also questions two of Garreau's "edge cities" criteria by showing that most such developments in the Los Angeles region are not wholly new and already existed as job concentrations 30 years ago.

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“…The POIs have been supplemented and checked based on the Baidu Map [80] and reclassified into 31 sub-groups included in seven groups (Table 1). Density analysis with point-based activities for center extraction refers implicitly to the CBD research developed during the second half of the twentieth century, and a set of activities and indicators has been listed to be considered for an analysis on CBD based on western cities [81][82][83]. Yet spatial distributions of POIs in Chinese cities are different from those in Western cities due to the unique socialist market economy and planning regulations in China: (1) following the regulations of the Standard for Residential Planning published by the Chinese Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, amenities of basic services and commodities, such as grocery shops, clinics, kindergartens, primary schools, and community centers are usually within good accessibility (within 800 m) for most residents; (2) huge divergence in trip distance between daily shopping and non-daily shopping has been revealed by several studies on the hierarchical structure of shopping activity in Chinese cities [28,36,37].…”

Section: Extraction Of Intra-urban Centers At Each Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Intra-Urban Hierarchy of Activity Centers—A Minimized Household Travel Energy Consumption Approach

Zhang

Xie

2015

Sustainability

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An intra-urban hierarchy of activity centers interconnected by non-motorized and public transportation is broadly believed to be the ideal urban spatial structure for sustainable cities. However, the proper hinterland area for centers at each level lacks empirical study. Based on the concentric structure of everyday travel distances, working centers, shopping centers, and neighborhood centers are extracted from corresponding types of POIs in 286 Chinese cities at the prefectural level and above. A U-shaped curve between Household Transportation Energy Consumption (HTEC) per capita and center density at each of the three levels has been found through regression analysis. An optimal intra-urban hierarchy of activity centers is suggested to construct energy-efficient cities.

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Delimiting the CBD

Cited by 122 publications

References 2 publications

Relationship between land values and uses in Sydney′s central area

Relationship between land values and uses in Sydney′s central area

Defining Job Concentrations: The Los Angeles Case

Optimal Intra-Urban Hierarchy of Activity Centers—A Minimized Household Travel Energy Consumption Approach

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