“…However, much of the work in this area over the last decade is especially influenced by the advent of VHSR images, which have favoured innovative approaches for retrieving specific patterns of vineyard arrangements from helicopter colour images with ∼ 0.25 m resolution (Wassenaar et al, 2002), airborne multispectral images with ∼ 2 m resolution (Gong et al, 2003) or 0.5 m resolution (Rabatel et al, 2006), satellite panchromatic 1 m IKONOS images (Warner and Steinmaus, 2005), satellite panchromatic 0.6 m Quickbird images (Rabatel et al, 2006), and ultra-light motorized (ULM) colour 0.5 m images Delenne et al, 2010). Approaches for vineyard identification include grapevine field detection (Wassenaar et al, 2002;Rabatel et al, 2006), grapevine field delineation (Da Costa et al, 2007), grapevine row extraction (Hall et al, 2003;Delenne et al, 2010;Matthews and Jensen, 2013;Puletti et al, 2014) and the detection of missing plants (Chanussot et al, 2005;Delenne et al, 2010). These approaches have mostly used greylevel images (often the red band) and either relied on frequency analysis (Wassenaar et al, 2002;Rabatel et al, 2006;Delenne et al, 2010) or developed textural analysis, a branch of image processing focused on the spatial statistics of the grey levels of images, the variations of which are perceived as homogeneous areas by the human eye (Haralick et al, 1973).…”