Delinquency and association with behavioral disorders and substance abuse

Abstract

Conflict of interest: noneObjective: to determine the incidence and associations of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and substance abuse disorder (SAD) in adolescents in conflict with the law in a Brazilian cohort. Methods: the Brazilian version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged-Children (K-SADS-PL) was administered to 69 adolescent boys who were incarcerated for 45 days in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Results: mean age was 15.5 years (range, 12-16.9 years) and most adolescents originated from disadvantaged social classes (87%). They resided in neighborhoods on the outskirts of the city or towns in the greater metropolitan area. Truancy and low educational achievement were common, with 73.9% not currently attending school and 43.4% not having finished the 5 th grade. The great majority lived in single-parent families and many had relatives who themselves had problems with the law. Psychiatric disorders were apparent in 81.1% of the subjects, with the most common disorders being CD (59.4%), SAD (53.6%), and ADHD (43.5%). Both ADHD (p <0.001) and CD (p <0.01) had significant associations with substance abuse. Conclusion: in male adolescents in conflict with the law, ADHD, CD, and SAD were all found to be associated with delinquency.

An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis: Mental Disorders Among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities

“…21,[32][33][34]58,62 The diagnostic interviews were mostly conducted by psychiatrists, 33,34,41,45,[47][48][49]54,55,58,60,62,65,67 clinical psychologists, 21,43,56,72 researchers and research assistants, 27,36,46,70 or teams with diverse backgrounds. 19,28,32,35,37,38,40,50,51,59,64 Most studies reported the types of offenses, and in accordance with previous research, 74 we calculated the proportion of adolescents who committed violent offenses, which ranged from 6.0% 60 to 86.0%. 58 Figure 2 presents gender-specific prevalence estimates.…”

“…12,19,21,27,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] We combined them with the 25 surveys identified in the previous review. 28, Two studies 12,69 were based on the same sample, which provided 12,28,40,42,[50][51][52][53]57,[59][60][61]63,66,68,69,72,73 ; six were from the United Kingdom (n ¼ 1,145) 27,44,54,55,62,64 ; three were from Canada (n ¼ 408) 37,<...>…”

“…28, Two studies 12,69 were based on the same sample, which provided 12,28,40,42,[50][51][52][53]57,[59][60][61]63,66,68,69,72,73 ; six were from the United Kingdom (n ¼ 1,145) 27,44,54,55,62,64 ; three were from Canada (n ¼ 408) 37,38,70 ; two each were from Australia (n ¼ 384), 41,56 Brazil (n ¼ 143), 35,49 Russia (n ¼ 740), 45,67 and the Netherlands (n ¼ 416) 39,71 ; and one each was from Austria (n ¼ 259), 33 Belgium (n ¼ 245), 19 China (n ¼ 232), 47 Denmark (n ¼ 100), 58 Germany (n ¼ 38), 43 Iran (n ¼ 100), 36 Japan (n ¼ 48), 48 Malaysia (n ¼ 105), 34 Norway (n ¼ 40), 46 South Korea (n ¼ 173), …”

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Children and Adolescents in the Child Welfare System

“…15,46–48 These disorders are known to be risk factors for delinquency, interactions with the juvenile justice systems, and homelessness. 49 For example, in France 25% of homeless people and 20% of adults in jail were formerly youths in the CWS. 50,51 …”

Prevalence and Pattern of Mental Illness among School Age Children Seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: A Six Year Study

“…These disorders are known to be risk factors for delinquency, interactions with the juvenile justice systems, homelessness and suicide [18]. Also, childhood and adolescent mental disorders significantly impairs the overall functioning and quality of life of affected individuals [19][20][21], as well as posing substantial economic burden on both the family and the nation [22].…”