Delinquency, Arrest and Early School Leaving*

Ward, Shannon; Williams, Jenny; Ours, Jan C. van

doi:10.1111/obes.12393

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, older youth were more likely than younger youth to graduate on time within 4 years of their referring school-based incident. This finding provides further support for existing literature suggesting that youth who are arrested at younger ages are less likely to graduate (Hirschfield, 2009;Ward et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Long-term arrest and school outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.

NeMoyer¹,

Le²,

Taylor³

et al. 2023

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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In response to school-based arrests representing a growing proportion of youth arrests nationwide, several programs have emerged to divert youth from school-based arrests. However, few such initiatives have undergone empirical evaluation, and none have been evaluated with a focus on long-term (i.e., 4-to 5-year) youth outcomes. To address this gap, this study compared long-term recidivism arrest and school outcomes (i.e., out-of-school suspension, dropout, and on-time graduation) among students diverted through the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program (n = 427) and comparable students arrested in Philadelphia schools (n = 531). Mixed-effects logistic regression results revealed that diverted youth were significantly less likely than matched arrested youth to experience a recidivism arrest within 5 years of their initial school-based incident. However, we did not observe significant between-group differences for school-related outcomes once relevant covariates were considered. Findings indicate small yet significant long-term program effects on public safety and potential time-limited effects on exclusionary discipline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Long-term arrest and school outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.

NeMoyer¹,

Le²,

Taylor³

et al. 2023

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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“…One of the most important predictors of long-term antisocial behavior, negative outcomes, and persistent justice system contact among youth is the onset of offending behavior (DeLisi et al, 2013). As compared to those with later onsets of problematic behaviors, juveniles with early problem behavior onset, including early-onset offending and/or arrest, experience increases in long-term negative outcomes, including decreased educational attainment (Ward et al, 2021), compromised physical and mental health outcomes (DeLisi et al, 2013), and persistent offending and/or criminal justice system involvement (Farrington et al, 1990). Research often refers to offending behavior committed by children at or before age 12 as child delinquency (Loeber, 2003; Baglivio et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Delinquency, ACEs, and the Juvenile Justice System: Does Exposure to ACEs Affect Justice System Experiences for Children?

Novak

Lopes

2021

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

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Thousands of children ages 12 and under are referred to juvenile justice systems each year, and little is known about how their experiences may differ from those of older youth. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors associated with juvenile justice referral between children and adolescents and examine differences in adjudication and disposition of referred children and adolescents. The moderating role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) was also examined. Using data from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice, results suggest children referred to the juvenile justice system are more likely to have experienced greater numbers of ACEs, have family and school problems, and be referred by schools. Results also indicate children and adolescents differ in their experiences within the juvenile justice system, and that experiences vary according to exposure to ACEs. Results suggest juvenile justice system officials should consider the unique needs of children referred to the system and be cognizant of the influence of non-legal factors in decision-making for this population.

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“…This study adds to the growing scholarship on young people’s social exclusion-inclusion and civic engagement tensions, in both the global North and South. The study bridges the gap between research that draws attention to problem behaviors that make young people the subject of policing instead of freely engaged actors in their communities (Glowacz et al, 2020; Hail-Jares et al, 2021; Murray et al, 2021; O’Grady et al, 2020; Ward et al, 2021), research that highlights how neoliberal governments’ austerity policies expose young people to problematic civic engagements (Francis, 2021; Hart & Henn, 2017; McCormick & Barthelemy, 2021; Ricciardelli et al, 2020; Smith et al, 2021), and research that explores innovative ways in which civil society works with young people to create inclusive spaces (Anosike, 2019; Dolan & Rajak, 2016; Kermode et al, 2021; Korkiamaki & O’Dare, 2021). As other scholars have reported (Schilling et al, 2019; Schuch, 2018; Tuck & Yang, 2011), we find that despite notable challenges, young people in NL find ways to connect to and participate in their communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, they indulge in problem behaviors, which include risky sexual activity, alcohol and drug use, criminal activity, and dropping out of school (Farrington & Welsh, 2006;Goldsmith, 2008;Ochoa et al, 2005;Pape & Rossow, 2004;Sadler, 2008;Smith et al, 2021;C. Sullivan et al, 2010;Ward et al, 2021;Werb et al, 2008). Anti-social behaviors make young people either a vulnerable, at-risk group that needs protection (Gangamma et al, 2008;Heerde et al, 2020;Hughes, 2011;Liljedahl et al, 2010;Munford & Sanders, 2008) or a dangerous group that needs surveillance and control (D. M. Brown, 2013;Crawford & Lister, 2007;Francis, 2021;Goldsmith, 2008;P.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contrary to the above, a growing body of research focuses on problem behaviors or anti-social behaviors (ASB) among young people (Basen-Engquist et al, 1996; Childs et al, 2011; Childs & Sullivan, 2013; Chun & Mobley, 2010; Dembo et al, 2010; Hair et al, 2009; Ward et al, 2021). Research on risk and protective factors for problem behaviors among young people holds that youth is characteristically a time of problematic behavior (C.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Young People in Newfoundland and Labrador: Community Connectedness and Opportunities for Social Inclusion

Issahaku

Adam

2022

Sage Open

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Globally, young people are a major demographic group and a key constituency in socioeconomic policy considerations. However, in a neoliberal era, the social inclusion of youth is in jeopardy. This qualitative study explored young people’s connectedness to community and opportunities for social inclusion in Newfoundland and Labrador. The perspectives of social capital, social exclusion, and sense of community provided a theoretical framework for the study. A purposive sample of 23 youth aged 15 to 24 years provided data through interviews, which we analyzed inductively, using thematic analysis. We found that young people connected to their communities through informal associations and non-profit organizations. These structures provided networks of supportive relationships and inclusive spaces, where young people felt a sense of belonging, and had opportunities for participation. Opportunities took the form of resources and activities that promoted personal growth and community building. For example, through associations and non-profit organizations, participants engaged in general educational development, entrepreneurial training, part-time and volunteer work, and advocacy. However, participants also reported some barriers to inclusion in their communities. Personal level factors, such as illness and environmental level factors, such as low-income and social stigma were barriers to inclusion. These findings provide a basis for policymakers and practitioners to promote youth social inclusion in Newfoundland and Labrador.

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Delinquency, Arrest and Early School Leaving*

Cited by 7 publications

References 64 publications

Long-term arrest and school outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.

Long-term arrest and school outcomes of the Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program.

Child Delinquency, ACEs, and the Juvenile Justice System: Does Exposure to ACEs Affect Justice System Experiences for Children?

Young People in Newfoundland and Labrador: Community Connectedness and Opportunities for Social Inclusion

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