Delivering and registering species-tailored oral antifertility products: a review

Humphrys, Simon; Lapidge, Steven J.

doi:10.1071/wr07145

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition to the scientific challenges of exploring the effects of fertility control on individuals and wildlife populations, regulatory and legal requirement for the application of contraceptives on wildlife must be met. The fact that in different countries fertility inhibitors can be registered as pesticides, biocides or veterinary medicines, depending on the mode of action and on the target species, coupled with the significant costs of registration, present hurdles for development and use of novel products (Humphrys and Lapidge 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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Abstract. As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species-and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human-wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

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“…For established invasive species, contraceptives can be used (Mayer et al 2002). However, there are challenges such as how to effectively deliver contraceptives to target species (Humphrys and Lapidge 2008).…”

Section: Controlling Invasions With Physiological Concepts and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving science-based invasive species management with physiological knowledge, concepts, and tools

et al. 2015

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Biological invasions are a prominent factor contributing to global biodiversity loss. As a result, managing invasive species is a priority for many conservation scientists and natural resource managers. Invasive species management requires a multidisciplinary approach and there is increasing recognition that physiology can be used to inform conservation efforts because physiological processes underlie an individual's response to its environment. For example, physiological concepts and tools can be used to assess the impacts of invasive animals on their new ecosystems, to predict which animal species are likely to become invasive, to prevent the introduction of nonnative animals, and to control incipient or established invasions. To evaluate whether physiology is integrated within invasion science, the journal Biological Invasions was surveyed for a quantitative literature review. To determine how physiology is used to inform invasion science and which subdisciplines of physiology are particularly relevant to invasive animal management, the broader invasion literature was also reviewed to identify examples where physiology has contributed to studying and managing invasive animals. Only 6 % of articles published in Biological Invasions incorporated physiological knowledge or tools, mostly for the purposes of identifying traits associated with species invasiveness (i.e. prediction). However, the broader literature indicated that successful invasive species research and management can be supported by fundamental and applied physiological research for assessing, predicting, preventing, and controlling invasive animals. Development of new techniques and increased availability of equipment for remote or rapid monitoring of physiology in the field will increase opportunities for integrating physiology within invasion science.

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“…Oral delivery of a contraceptive vaccine would overcome the need for laborious delivery systems currently necessary for sustained antibody titers in target animals. 105 Currently, this approach is not a practical reality, but the challenges have been clearly delineated. First, either the contraceptive vaccine itself has to be species-specific or the oral delivery system must be species-specific.…”

Section: Duration Of Contraceptive Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contraceptive Vaccines for Wildlife: A Review

Kirkpatrick¹,

Lyda²,

Frank³

2011

American J Rep Immunol

115

105

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Citation Kirkpatrick JF, Lyda RO, Frank KM. Contraceptive vaccines for wildlife: a review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 40–50 Wildlife, free‐ranging and captive, poses and causes serious population problems not unlike those encountered with human overpopulation. Traditional lethal control programs, however, are not always legal, wise, safe, or publicly acceptable; thus, alternative approaches are necessary. Immunocontraception of free‐ranging wildlife has reached the management level, with success across a large variety of species. Thus far, the immunocontraceptive research and management applications emphasis have been centered on porcine zona pellucida and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone vaccines. Contraceptive success has been achieved in more than 85 different wildlife species, at the level of both the individual animal and the population. At the population management level with free‐ranging species, the primary focus has been on wild horses, urban deer, bison, and African elephants. The challenges in the development and application of vaccine‐based wildlife contraceptives are diverse and include differences in efficacy across species, safety of vaccines during pregnancy, the development of novel delivery systems for wild and wary free‐ranging animals, and the constraints of certain non‐contraceptive effects, such as effects on behavior. Beyond the constraints imposed by the public and a host of regulatory concerns, there exists a real limitation for funding of well‐designed programs that apply this type of fertility control.

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Delivering and registering species-tailored oral antifertility products: a review

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Improving science-based invasive species management with physiological knowledge, concepts, and tools

Contraceptive Vaccines for Wildlife: A Review

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