Delivery of Exogenous Antigens to Induce Cytotoxic CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses

Abstract

Vaccines intended to induce a cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell response are highly sought after. However, some of these vaccines can be problematic if they replicate in the host. An alternative strategy is to exploit cross-presentation of exogenous antigens to express peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. During cross-presentation, the delivered exogenous antigen can be taken up and processed through diverse mechanisms. Here, we will discuss the recent advances regarding the complex nature of the cross-priming process and the models that reflect its relevance in vivo. Moreover, we summarize current data that explore potential adjuvants and vaccine vectors that deliver antigens to activate CD8+ T cells relying on cross-presentation.

Identification of Putative Vaccine and Drug Targets against the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Reverse Vaccinology and Subtractive Genomics Approaches

“…Additionally, the presence of antigenic B-cell epitopes in these candidate proteins confirms the ability to interact with the MHC class I molecule. The interaction of MHC class I-presented antigens with cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes is one of the potential vaccine-induced immune responses [ 63 ]. The prospective candidate proteins reported in this study fulfill all the prerequisites (subcellular localization, antigenic and adhesin properties) of being potent vaccine candidates.…”

Influence of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 on TLR4-induced activation of antigen presenting cells is dependent on the order of receptor engagement

“…Moreover, several studies provide strong clues to the importance of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 in controlling macrophage functions, such as the production of proinflammatory cytokines critical for T cell-mediated immunity (Adams and Hewison 2008;Berrington and Hawn 2007;Yang et al 1993). These immunostimulating properties of 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 in presence of TLR-L may be useful in design of novel adjuvant preparations (Kim et al 2010).…”

Investigation of the Immune Modulatory Potential of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Lymphocytes

“…Immunotherapy is increasingly gaining in importance in the context of modern tumor therapy by attempting to boost the intrinsic antitumor activity of the immune system. This can be achieved by inducing the activity of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes by specific antigen presentation in combination with MHC-I molecules [ 22 ]. In an activated state, these cells secrete cytokines which further facilitate antigen presentation and mediate anti-cancer effects [ 23 ].…”