Delta plots with negative-going slopes as a potential marker of decreasing response activation in masked semantic priming

Ellinghaus, Ruben; Miller, Jeff

doi:10.1007/s00426-017-0844-z

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Critically, although the present study highlighted this issue by illuminating the effect of time pressure on congruency effects for standard versions of visual Simon and Eriksen flanker tasks, time-varying distractor-based processes seem to influence behavior in many other versions of conflict tasks. For example, primarily decreasing delta plots have also been observed for auditory Simon effects (Xiong & Proctor, 2016) and priming effects (Ellinghaus & Miller, 2018;Schlaghecken et al, 2011), and, conversely, primarily increasing delta plots have also been observed for tactile flanker effects (Baciero et al, 2021), SNARC effects (Moro et al, 2018), and manual Stroop effects (Kinoshita et al, 2017;Pratte et al, 2010). Consistent with the present conclusions, for example, speed instructions reduced the size of manual Stroop effects, and these instructions profoundly affected the decision bounds with narrower bounds under speed than accuracy instructions (Hedge et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The time-course of distractor-based activation modulates effects of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in conflict tasks

et al. 2021

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The cognitive processes underlying the ability of human performers to trade speed for accuracy is often conceptualized within evidence accumulation models, but it is not yet clear whether and how these models can account for decision-making in the presence of various sources of conflicting information. In the present study, we provide evidence that speed-accuracy tradeoffs (SATs) can have opposing effects on performance across two different conflict tasks. Specifically, in a single preregistered experiment, the mean reaction time (RT) congruency effect in the Simon task increased, whereas the mean RT congruency effect in the Eriksen task decreased, when the focus was put on response speed versus accuracy. Critically, distributional RT analyses revealed distinct delta plot patterns across tasks, thus indicating that the unfolding of distractor-based response activation in time is sufficient to explain the opposing pattern of congruency effects. In addition, a recent evidence accumulation model with the notion of time-varying conflicting information was successfully fitted to the experimental data. These fits revealed task-specific time-courses of distractor-based activation and suggested that time pressure substantially decreases decision boundaries in addition to reducing the duration of non-decision processes and the rate of evidence accumulation. Overall, the present results suggest that time pressure can have multiple effects in decision-making under conflict, but that strategic adjustments of decision boundaries in conjunction with different time-courses of distractor-based activation can produce counteracting effects on task performance with different types of distracting sources of information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The time-course of distractor-based activation modulates effects of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in conflict tasks

et al. 2021

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“…This study presents an exciting modus operandi to answer the issue at hand: what are the neural origins and dynamics of cognitive conflict? A large body of research studying various conflict tasks has characterized fast errors as resulting from early response capture of irrelevant information (Coleman et al, 2017;Dittrich and Stahl, 2017;Duprez et al, 2016;Ellinghaus and Miller, 2017;Houvenaghel et al, 2016;Hughes and Yeung, 2011;Salzer et al, 2014;Stins et al, 2007;Wylie et al, 2009). Using a multivariate analysis techniques capitalizing on trial-to-trial variability in neural signal, we demonstrate that traces of the conflict arise in sensory brain areas that code for relevant and irrelevant Within the framework of the dual-route model, we formulated concrete predictions in a theoretically principled way (de Hollander et al, 2016;Forstmann et al, 2016Forstmann et al, , 2011Turner et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses slow down, and errors are more common, when the task-relevant ink colour and task-irrelevant word identity are incompatible. Moreover, as was observed in a large variety of conflict tasks, fast incompatible trials are more prone to errors, as compared to slow or compatible trials (Stroop task: Dittrich and Stahl, 2017;Flanker task: Coleman et al, 2017;Simon task: Wylie et al, 2009; masked priming task: Ellinghaus and Miller, 2017). The underlying process that drives these fast errors is regarded as early response capture by irrelevant information .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A neural substrate of early response capture during conflict tasks in sensory areas

et al. 2019

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Studies that aim to understand the neural correlates of response conflicts commonly probe frontal brain areas associated with controlled inhibition and decision processes. However, untimely fast conflict errors happen even before these top-down processes are engaged. The dual-route model proposes that during conflict tasks, as soon as the stimulus is presented, two early processes are immediately at play. The task-relevant and task-irrelevant processes generate either compatible responses, when all stimulus features align, or incompatible responses, when stimulus features are in conflict. We aimed to find a neural substrate of these two processes by means of relating the quality of the representation of stimulus features in visual and somatosensory brain areas to responses in conflict tasks. Participants were scanned using fMRI while performing somatosensory and visual Simon tasks. The fMRI data were then analysed using a MVPA in early visual and somatosensory cortices. In agreement with our hypotheses, results suggest that the sensory representation of the task-relevant and taskirrelevant features drive erroneous trials. These results demonstrate that traces of response conflicts can arise already in sensory brain areas and that the quality of the representations in these regions can account for an early response capture by irrelevant stimulus features.

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“…If the presence of a co-actor induces participants to code their unique response in terms of left or right relative to the other's response, we expected that the time course of the spatial correspondence effect in the joint Go/NoGo task should follow a similar qualitative pattern to that of the Simon task. To test this result for statistical significance, the slope of the delta plots was estimated for each of the 38 participants separately by linear regressions (Ellinghaus & Miller, 2018).…”

Section: Data Analysis and Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the nature of the joint Simon effect through electromyographic analyses

Davranche¹,

Belletier²,

Gajdos³

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to apply electromyographic techniques and distributional analyses to test whether an increase in the strength of stimulus-response mapping could explain the mechanisms underlying the joint Simon effect. Within a single protocol, participants performed a Simon task and a Go/NoGo task in isolation, and a joint Go/NoGo task with a co-actor (joint Simon task). Results showed that joint-action impairs cognitive control and shortened reaction time by impacting both pre-motor time and motor time. Joint-action induced a larger facilitation on pre-motor time of ipsilateral than contralateral associations. This potentiation of the spatial correspondence effect plausibly explains the larger Simon-like effect usually observed in the joint Go/NoGo task compared to that observed in the isolated Go/NoGo task. The propensity of making incorrect activations and their concentration among fast responses also increased when working co-actively. Together, these findings indicate that joint-action increases the strength of automatic response capture induced by the stimulus location, promotes the delivery of the stronger association in the behavioral repertoire of the individual, and reduces cognitive control.

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Delta plots with negative-going slopes as a potential marker of decreasing response activation in masked semantic priming

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

The time-course of distractor-based activation modulates effects of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in conflict tasks

The time-course of distractor-based activation modulates effects of speed-accuracy tradeoffs in conflict tasks

A neural substrate of early response capture during conflict tasks in sensory areas

Deciphering the nature of the joint Simon effect through electromyographic analyses

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