Deltaic and shoreline sedimentation in Saurashtra Basin, western India; an example of infilling in an Early Cretaceous failed rift

Casshyap, S. M.; Aslam, Mohammad

doi:10.1306/d4267a2d-2b26-11d7-8648000102c1865d

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Thick sheetflood deposits are commonly interbedded with mudstones (Fm) that have abundant mudcracks. Sh beds associated with carbonate (Clm) and subhorizontally stratified conglomerate (Gh) are interpreted as shallowwater, wave-reworked deposits (tractional deposition beneath wave currents) similar to those described for lacustrine and marine systems (Link & Osborne, 1978;Reineck & Singh, 1980;Wescott & Ethridge, 1983;Dunne & Hempton, 1984;Pivnik, 1990;Casshyap & Aslam, 1992). Sh beds associated with sandstone (Sm, Sn) and containing dewatering structures are attributed to tractional deposition at the base of high-or lowdensity turbidity currents (Lowe, 1982; Chough et a]., 1990; Higgs, 1990;Pivnik, 1990;Ghibaudo, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan‐delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA

1996

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A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrixand clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone: and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high-and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout.The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1-2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout.A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the lake margin favoured development of a subaqueous fan-delta whose clastic input overwhelmed lake-margin sediment-reworking processes a n d inhibited development of a nearshore lacustrine environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…7c) are more similar to nearshore marine deposits (e.g. DeCelles, 1987; Pivnik, 1990;Casshyap & Aslam, 1992) than other lacustrine deposits (e.g. Hardie et a]., 1978;Link & Osborne, 1978).…”

Section: Nearshore Environmentmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan‐delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA

1996

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“…Largescale tabular cross-bedded sandstones can be interpreted to be a deposit of inter-tidal flood ramps, lateral accretion of tidal channel bars (e.g. Casshyap and Aslam, 1992;Allen and Leather, 2006). The shell concentration in facies association-I has the characters typical of transgressive lags (Fursich and Oschmann, 1993;Kondo et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis and diagenetic evolution of Habo formation, Kachchh, Gujarat

Ahmad

Majid

2010

J Geol Soc India

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The Kachchh Basin is a pericratonic rift basin situated at the western margin of the Indian plate. The Habo Dome embodies an important exposure of Bathonian to Kimmergian sediments among the Kachchh Mainland exposures. Based on vertical facies transitions, facies associations were documented: mixed shallow marine (Facies association 1), shoreface and lagoon deposits (Facies association II) and subtidal innershelf below fair weather wave base (Facies association III). The documented facies associations reflect that Habo Dome sediments deposited in a variety of environments from shallow marine to fluvio-deltaic and were strongly influenced by fluctuation of relative sea level. The dominance of floating grains and point contacts in the sandstone indicate that detrital grains do not show much pressure effects as a result of either shallow burial or early cementation. The sandstones were cemented by iron oxide, carbonate and silica in order of abundance. Three types of cements, blocky, rim and fibrous cement occur in the studied limestone representing phreatic, fresh water phreatic and deep burial diagenetic stages. Neomorphism and micritization are common. Both primary and secondary porosity exists in these sediments. Different graphs of porosity versus depth suggest a depth of burial in the range of 615 -769 m.

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“…In addition to the Ghaggar-Hakra, Lower Cretaceous fluvial deposits are present in the Kachchh (Aslam, 1992;Casshyap & Aslam, 1992) Cambay (Bhatt et al, 2016;Jana, King, & Hilton, 2013;Mukherjee, 1983) and Narmada (Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Racey, Fisher, Bailey, & Kumar-Roy, 2016) basins and shallow marine sedimentation occurred within the Kachchh (Racey et al, 2016;Rai, 2006), Jaisalmer (Singh, 2006), and Indus (Ahmad, Fink, Sturrock, Mahmood, & Ibrahim, 2004; basins. There is also evidence for~1 km of Mesozoic sediments beneath the main Deccan volcanic pile as indicated by geophysical mapping (Rajaram, Anand, Erram, & Shinde, 2016;Rao, Kumar, & Rastogi, 2015).…”

Section: Implications For Palaeogeography Of the North-west Indian mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Principal extensional faults that define the geometry and limits of the Barmer Basin (adapted from Dolson et al, 2015), displaying the field locations for this study on the eastern, central margin. The settlement of Sarnoo is shown deltaic Bhuj Formation of the Kachchh Basin (Akhtar & Ahmad, 1991;Biswas, 1987;Desai & Desai, 1989), the predominantly fluvial Dhrangadhra Group of the Than Basin in Saurasthra (Casshyap & Aslam, 1992) and the fluvial Lumshiwal and Goru and marine-coastal Sembar successions of the Central and Southern Indus basins of Pakistan (Ahmad, Fink, Sturrock, Mahmood, & Ibrahim, 2012;Ahmad & Khan, 2012;Khalid, Qayyum, & Yasin, 2014;Zaigham & Mallick, 2000). These basin margin early Cretaceous sediments are likely to be contemporary with rifting between Madagascar and India (Bastia, Reeves, Pundarika, D'Silva, & Radhakrishna, 2010;Reeves, 2014;Torsvik et al, 2000) and separation of the Seychelles microcontinent from Greater India (Eagles & Hoang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

Beaumont

Clarke

Burley

et al. 2018

The Depositional Record

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Fluvial strata of the Lower Cretaceous Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation are exposed in fault blocks on the central‐eastern margin of the Barmer Basin, Rajasthan. The sedimentology of these outcrops are described from 114 logs (thicknesses up to 100 m) and 53 two‐dimensional correlation panels. The formation comprises three distinct channel belt sandstone packages defined as the Darjaniyon‐ki Dhani, Sarnoo and Nosar sandstones separated by thick siltstone‐dominated floodplain successions. The sediments were deposited in a sub‐tropical, low sinuosity fluvial system that matures into a highly sinuous fluvial system. The Nosar Sandstone, the youngest of the three packages, exhibits a significant increase in energy and erosive power compared to those underlying it. This distinct change in fluvial style is interpreted as being rejuvenation due to an actively developing rift network forming accommodation space, rather than climatic controls acting on part of the depositional system. Consequently, the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation at outcrop represents Lower Cretaceous syn‐rift deposition within the Barmer Basin with active localized fault movement from Nosar Sandstone times onward. These findings provide sedimentological evidence in support of pre‐Palaeogene northwest–southeast extension in the Barmer Basin. Moreover, they imply Cretaceous extension took place widely along the northern extremity of the West Indian Rift System consistent with plate tectonic models of the break‐up of Gondwana and evolution of the Indian Ocean. Outcrops of Lower Cretaceous strata are patchy across India and Pakistan. This study provides valuable material which, when combined with the available published data, facilitates a re‐evaluation of Lower Cretaceous palaeogeography for the north‐west Indian Plate. The reconstruction demonstrates a complex fluvial system, where the sediments are preserved sporadically as early syn‐rift strata. The findings imply a high preservation potential for early Cretaceous fluvial successions within rifted fault blocks near Saraswati and Aishwarya of the Barmer Basin beneath the Palaeogene fill that likely have significant potential for further hydrocarbon exploration.

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Deltaic and shoreline sedimentation in Saurashtra Basin, western India; an example of infilling in an Early Cretaceous failed rift

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan‐delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA

Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan‐delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA

Genesis and diagenetic evolution of Habo formation, Kachchh, Gujarat

Sedimentology and the facies architecture of the Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation, Barmer Basin, India: Implications for early Cretaceous deposition on the north‐western Indian Plate margin

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