Deltamethrin resistance in the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): inheritance and number of genes involved

Abstract

The inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in Cydia pomonella (L.) has been investigated by crossing a resistant (Rv) and a susceptible (Sv) strain, derived from a population collected in south-eastern France in 1995. Deltamethrin resistance was suspected to be under the control of a kdr-type allele and an enhanced mixed-function oxidase (mfo). F(1) and F(2) progenies were therefore tested through dose-response and enzyme assays. Dose-response relationships indicated that resistance was inherited as an autosomal incompletely recessive (D=-0.199) character, involving at least two genes. Enzyme measures suggested the contribution of 1.2 genes to the expression of mfo, with incomplete dominance (D=0.460). Our results support the hypothesis of a polygenic response to deltamethrin selection in the Rv strain, including a major kdr-type allele with a minor effect of mfos. In the light of these findings, we consider the resistance in codling moth populations in south-eastern France as a product of an adaptive sequential selection process, occurring through the sequential addition of resistance genes.

Mode of Inheritance of Amitraz Resistance in a Brazilian Strain of the Southern Cattle Tick, Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)*

“…The modes of inheritance of resistance to various pesticides have been studied in many pest species, including insects (Payne et al 1988;Heim et al 1992;Huang et al 1999;Daborn et al 2000;Bouvier et al 2001), spider mites (Rizzieri et al 1988;Goka 1998;Uesugi et al 2002), and ticks (Lourens 1979(Lourens , 1980. The modes of resistance to organochlorine and organophosphate acaricides have been well documented in B. microplus from early studies in Australia (Stone 1962;Wilson et al 1971;Stone et al 1973;Stone and Youlton 1982).…”

Age‐dependent response to insecticides and enzymatic variation in susceptible and resistant codling moth larvae

“…In addition to this metabolic resistance demonstrated in the two strains (Sauphanor et al, 1997), this suggests that another mechanism, expressed mainly in young instars, confers a high resistance to deltamethrin in the Rv strain. The recent evidence for a kdr point mutation of the sodium channel and for a polygenic resistance to deltamethrin in the Rv strain (Brun-Barale et al, 2000;Bouvier et al, 2001) strongly suggests that target site modification may be partly involved in resistance to this compound. Additionally, although it was not formally tested in the present paper, different sodium channel genes are known for their distinctive temporal pattern of expression (Hong and Ganetzky, 1994).…”

“…The significant correlation between resistance to teflubenzuron and GST activities in the different instars of Rt and Rv strongly supported the involvement of such a mechanism in the resistance of C. pomonella to BPUs. Pyrethroid resistances have been associated to point mutations (kdr) in the voltagesensitive sodium channels (Williamson et al, 1996;Brun-Barale et al, 2000), as well as metabolic pathways such as MFO (Bouvier et al, 2001) and carboxylesterases (Soderlund and Bloomquist, 1990). Despite the measurement of high levels of expression of the GST system, its involvement in permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti was precluded because pyrethroids were unlikely to constitute a GST substrate (Grant and Matsumura, 1989).…”

Inheritance of pyrethroid resistance and a sodium channel gene mutation in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

“…In Aedes aegypti, maternal-strain effects have been found (Mebrahtu et al 1997), while in C. pomonella (Bouvier et al 2001) and the H. irritans (Roush et al 1986), the LC 50 values of the reciprocal F 1 crosses did not show statistical differences. Therefore, no general conclusions can be derived from data obtained from different species and both, genotypes and allele frequencies, must be considered in addition to the toxicological data for inheritance studies in order to obtain reliable information.…”

“…The mode of inheritance of resistance to pyrethroids has been identified in a wide range of insect species such as mosquitoes (Halliday and Georghiou 1985), the horn fly Haematobia irritans, (Roush et al 1986), the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Tabashnik et al 1992), and the codling moth Cydia pomonella (Bouvier et al 2001); however, no genotypes or allele frequency were determined. Therefore, conclusions on the mode of inheritance of the resistance were made on the bases of the phenotype as measured by toxicological bioassays, leading to controversial data obtained from different species.…”