Demagnetizing factors for rectangular ferromagnetic prisms

Aharoni, Amikam

doi:10.1063/1.367113

Cited by 1,122 publications

(718 citation statements)

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“…The heat capacity and magnetic torque were measured using a Quantum Design PPMS, while the dc magnetization was acquired using a MPMS XL SQUID magnetometer from the same manufacturer. Geometric demagnetization corrections 17 have been applied to all our data, except the specific heat and torque. Given the large magnetic moment in EuTiO 3 , it is essential to include the demagnetization factor in order to perform any meaningful quantitative comparison between experiment and theory.…”

Section: Methods and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field modulation of the tetragonal domain orientation revealed in the magnetic ground state of quantum paraelectric EuTiO3

et al. 2013

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We present a study of the thermodynamic and magnetic properties of single-crystal EuTiO3. Signatures of metastability are visible in the heat capacity below the cubic-tetragonal phase transition at 283 K, supporting the evidence for a mismatch between long and short range structural order from previous X-ray diffraction studies. Employing the anisotropic magnetization as an indirect structural probe, we confirm the emergence of multiple orthogonal domains at low temperature. Torque magnetometry is capable of revealing the nature and temperature-dependence of the magnetic anisotropy in spite of the domain misalignment; we hence deduce that tetragonal EuTiO3 enters an easy-axis antiferromagnetic phase at 5.6 K, with a first-order phase transition to an easyplane ground state below 3 K. Our experimentally-determined magnetic phase diagram is accurately reproduced by a 3D anisotropic Heisenberg spin model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that electric field cooling acts to suppress this orientational disorder by realigning the domains, due to the strong coupling between electric fields and lattice dipoles characteristic of paraelectric materials.

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Section: Methods and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field modulation of the tetragonal domain orientation revealed in the magnetic ground state of quantum paraelectric EuTiO3

et al. 2013

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“…Inset: The lower solid curves show the susceptibility measured for spherical (green) and cubic samples (blue), from which N cube was derived in this work. The upper curves correspond to data transformed with N = 1/3 [7], which is incorrect for the cube (upper blue line), but yields the correct intrinsic susceptibility for the sphere (upper green line). The dashed lines show the predicted theoretical continuation of the experimental data.…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Newton and Euler, the analysis of general systems has been largely based on the exact solutions for spheres and ellipsoids [2][3][4][5][6]. This raises the question of whether approximating other shapes to "corresponding ellipsoids" [7] just neglects uninteresting details or whether there are crucial properties that are lost in the approximation. The demagnetizing problem in magnetic systems is a natural setting for exploring this question since it is accessible and of intrinsic importance in experiments, and constitutes a paragon for exploring the thermodynamics of long-range interacting systems [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopic aspects of magnetic lattice demagnetizing factors

Twengström

Bovo

Gingras

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

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The demagnetizing factor N is of both conceptual interest and practical importance. Considering localized magnetic moments on a lattice, we show that for nonellipsoidal samples, N depends on the spin dimensionality (Ising, XY, or Heisenberg) and orientation, as well as the sample shape and susceptibility. The generality of this result is demonstrated by means of a recursive analytic calculation as well as detailed Monte Carlo simulations of realistic model spin Hamiltonians. As an important check and application, we also make an accurate experimental determination of N for a representative collective paramagnet (i.e., the Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 spin ice compound) and show that the temperature dependence of the experimentally determined N agrees closely with our theoretical calculations. Our conclusion is that the well-established practice of approximating the true sample shape with "corresponding ellipsoids" for systems with long-range interactions will in many cases overlook important effects stemming from the microscopic aspects of the system under consideration.

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“…Here μ0(4π×10 −7 N/A 2 ) denotes the permeability; Ms is the saturation magnetization of Fe (1.1 ×10 6 A/m); Nxx= Nyy and Nzz denote the demagnetization factors [18], which are taken to be 0.07 and 0.85, respectively; Ks is the PMA constant of the ferromagnet, which is taken to be 1.2×10 3 J/m 2 [19]; and t denotes the thickness of the ferromagnet, 1 nm again. The energy required for switching Es is that required for charging and discharging the gate capacitors.…”

Section: Simulation Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-controlled low-energy switching of nanomagnets through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions for magnetoelectric device applications

Ghosh

Dey

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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Abstract-In this letter, we consider through simulation Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions between nanomagnets sitting on a conductive surface, and voltagecontrolled gating thereof for low-energy switching of nanomagnets for possible memory and nonvolatile logic applications. For specificity, we consider nanomagnets with perpendicular anisotropy on a three-dimensional topological insulator. We model the possibility and dynamics of RKKYbased switching of one nanomagnet by coupling to one or more nanomagnets of set orientation. Applications for both memory and nonvolatile logic are considered, with follower, inverter and majority gate functionality shown. Sub-attojoule switching energies, far below conventional spin transfer torque (STT)-based memories and even below CMOS logic appear possible. Switching times on the order of a few nanoseconds, comparable to times for STT switching, are estimated for ferromagnetic nanomagnets.

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Demagnetizing factors for rectangular ferromagnetic prisms

Cited by 1,122 publications

References 10 publications

Electric field modulation of the tetragonal domain orientation revealed in the magnetic ground state of quantum paraelectric EuTiO3

Electric field modulation of the tetragonal domain orientation revealed in the magnetic ground state of quantum paraelectric EuTiO3

Microscopic aspects of magnetic lattice demagnetizing factors

Voltage-controlled low-energy switching of nanomagnets through Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions for magnetoelectric device applications

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