“…Deer densities often exceed state management goals because food abundance is high, winters are increasingly mild, and predator populations have declined (Côté, Rooney, Tremblay, Dussault, & Waller, 2004). Moreover, recreational hunting, as a tool for population control, is constrained by hunters' low demand for antlerless harvest, a decrease in hunter numbers, and declining hunter access (Poudyal, Cho, & Bowker, 2008;Riley et al, 2003;VerCauteren et al, 2011). In Michigan and elsewhere, a strategy widely recognized (Brown et al, 2000;Giles & Findlay, 2004) and commonly employed to address this problem is to encourage the harvest of antlerless deer.…”