Demand for wind, maximising the value of wind power through demand side management

Abstract

'Demand for Wind' is a research and development project which seeks to investigate the ability of demand side management to address the variability in large scale and small scale wind power generation. This paper describes the innovative work carried out by the following project partners: Econnect Ventures, specialists in the development of grid integration technologies for renewable energy; Good Energy, the 100% renewable energy supplier; University of Durham, the Energy Research Group in the School of Engineering. This paper presents the Demand for Wind concept and the work carried out to date on the practical system, including results from household trials, the live web technology, and planned further work.

Demand Response in an Isolated System With High Wind Integration

“…The sets up and do refer to the direction of demand changes: rises of consumption in demand valleys and reductions in peak hours. The new demand balance is expressed in equation (11). (11) Authors in [31] show that under conditions of perfect competition, maximizing consumer and producer surplus corresponds to minimizing the area below the supply curve (supply cost).…”

“…The demand balance corresponds to equation (11). As equation (16) is an inequality, a penalty is introduced to reduce the gap between the computed demand and the demand function.…”

“…This article provides a quantification of the real-time relationship between total peak demand and spot market prices. The "Demand for Wind" project described by [11] shows results of field trials in UK of demand side management for domestic consumption. The work in [ 12] shows the benefits of applying different tariffs (time-of-use and real-time-pricing) in a small domestic test system in Ireland, where wind generation is becoming more important.…”

“…Furthermore, the authors quantify the effect of the location of wind and the benefits of responsive demand. Other works such as [11], [12] and [26] emphasize as well the possible benefits of DSM in systems with high wind integration. Authors in [26] find that real-time pricing can increase wind utilization as demand would then respond depending on the availability of costless wind generation.…”

Frequency stability analysis in low frequency AC systems for renewables power transmission

“…Recently, there are many methods to alleviate such challenges, where batter energy storage is a key to resolve active power imbalance problem, but there is still some financial barriers to expand the integration of energy storage, mainly battery-based stations [3][4][5]. Demand side management is an economical alternative, but since the penetration levels of wind increase, more curtailable load is required, which may influence users' behavior in some extent [6][7][8]. FACTS based on power electronics expand transmission capacity of existing infrastructure and alleviate power flow congestions, hence more wind energy could be integrated into grid [9][10][11].…”