Demand Management of Grid Connected Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Abstract

Deployment of PHEV will initiate an integration of transportation and power systems. Intuitively, the PHEVs will constitute an additional demand to the electricity grid, potentially violating converter or line capacities when recharging. Smart management schemes can alleviate possible congestions in power systems, intelligently distributing available energy. As PHEV are inherently independent entities, an agent based approach is expedient. Nonlinear pricing will be adapted to model and manage recharging behavior of large numbers of autonomous PHEV agents connecting in one urban area modelled as an energy hub. The scheme will incorporate price dependability. An aggregation entity, with no private information about its customers, will manage the PHEV agents whose individual parameters will be based on technical constraints and individual objectives. Analysis of the management scheme will give implications for PHEV modelling and integration schemes as well as tentative ideas of possible repercussions on power systems.

A Study on Price-Based Charging Strategy for Electric Vehicles on Expressways

“…This paper introduces a SOU price that is suitable for charging EVs on expressways after considering CSs' running states, as shown in Table 1 (this paper sets α and β to 0.15 and 0.11 based on [20]). It can be seen from the characteristics of users' automatic response to the price incentive [21] that the new charging price succeeded in motivating users to turn to idle CSs to get charged to some extent. In addition, this pricing scheme guarantees users to enjoy the electricity price agreed before charging during the entire charging period.…”

Demand Response and Economic Dispatch of Power Systems Considering Large-Scale Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles/Electric Vehicles (PHEVs/EVs): A Review

“…Some works have focused on using PHEVs/EVs as a powerful tool to address practical issues in power systems through DSM. With proper demand response strategies, PHEVs/EVs can be a load shaping tool in the intelligent grid to tackle the problem of distribution transformer overloading [42] and congestion of power lines [43]. Other works have focused on the potential economic benefits of the participation of PHEVs/EVs in DRPs.…”

Assessing the Future of Renewable and Smart Grid Technologies in Regional Energy Systems

“…Their intermittent production will have to be associated with temporary storage of electricity to facilitate the supply-demand equilibrium. Electric cars, if they penetrate strongly the market, will provide a storage facility, provided a smart grid development takes also place to permit a two-way communication between the electricity distributor and the car battery manager (Acha, Green, and Shah, 2010a;Galus and Andersson, 2008). One thus envisions a good complementarity between wind or solar electricity production and electric cars.…”

“…Smart grid technologies may also induce a new form of coupling between the gas and the electricity grids (Acha, Green, and Shah, 2010b;Streckiene et al, 2009). The availability of small combined heat power (CHP) production units, with a capacity to store the heat energy for a deferred usage can foster the efficient use of natural gas for both residential heat and electricity generation (Galus and Andersson, 2008;Marnay et al, 2008). The electricity production system will evolve toward more decentralization, with two-way communication channels permitting the coordination and optimization of the actions of myriad of agents involved in local consumption and production.…”