Demand side management of an urban water supply using wholesale electricity price

Abstract

Municipal water supply consumes large quantities of electrical energy to move water from catchment areas to service reservoirs near centres of population. Pumping does not necessarily occur round the clock, but rather when necessary to uphold constraints relating to reservoir levels and system pressure. There is a degree of flexibility in the timing of pumping that makes it an excellent candidate for Demand Side Management, meaning that it can provide opportunities for improving power system operation and reducing electricity costs for the water utility. The extent of this flexibility depends on a number of factors. This study examines the optimisation of two water supply systems -the 'Van Zyl' benchmark system and a representation of the supply for the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland. The potential to employ intelligent operation of pumps to help bolster uptake of variable wind generation is assessed, as is quantification of the potential savings for a water utility. The results show significant potential savings for the water utility as well as a substantial increase in the utilisation of wind power.

Integration of demand side and supply side energy management resources for optimal scheduling of demand response loads – South Africa in focus

“…Further application of DSM was done by [47] for a cement plant with a 4.2% reduction in electricity cost and [29] for cost minimization of a water supply system. A comprehensive review on demand side tools was done by [46] while the challenges of integrating HEMS with residential demand-side aggregators was addressed by [10].…”

“…Demand side management (DSM) techniques have been investigated and proven to be viable alternatives to regulating the consumption of electricity from the consumer side with applications from residential to industrial sectors [1,34,27,29,8,2]. According to [46], the two techniques for DSM from the consumer side include energy efficiency improvement programs (insulation, sealing, solar water heating systems etc.)…”

Balancing clean water-climate change mitigation trade-offs

“…Finding and improving synergies between decarbonization and water efficiency is therefore paramount for minimizing joint policy implementation costs and uncertainties. For example, many processes within the water sector are candidates for recruitment in electricity sector demand response programs or for integration with combined heat and power management [58,59]. Leveraging these integrated solutions will be important for increasing efficiency and the penetration of renewable generation sources.…”

Study on the Rectification of Forebay in Pumping Station

“…The unsteady continuous equations and the instantaneous Navier-Stokes equations are suitable for turbulence applications [13][14][15]. In this paper, a RNG -turbulence model is established from the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”