Demandas Físicas São Influenciadas Pelo Estatuto Posicional Em Pequenos Jogos De Futebol?

Abstract

Introdução: Pequenos jogos são utilizados no treinamento de jogadores de futebol porque replicam as demandas técnicas, táticas, físicas e fisiológicas num contexto semelhante ao do jogo. Contudo, não se sabe se esse modo de treinamento é suficiente para demandar as especificidades observadas no jogo com relação ao estatuto posicional. Objetivo: Comparar a demanda física de defensores, meio-campistas e atacantes durante a realização de pequenos jogos de futebol. Métodos: Dezoito jovens jogadores de futebol (16,4 anos) participaram do estudo, divididos em seis equipes compostas por um defensor, um meio-campista e um atacante. Realizaram-se seis sessões de coleta de dados constituídas por duas séries de quatro minutos com quatro minutos de pausa passiva. Utilizou-se equipamento de GPS de 15 Hz para coleta das informações. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA One-way e teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância em 5%. Resultados: Observou-se diferença significativa na demanda física de jogadores de diferentes estatutos posicionais. Meio-campistas percorreram maior percentual da distância em velocidades superiores, enquanto defensores apresentaram distância total reduzida, aumento da distância na velocidade inferior e redução na realização de ações de aceleração. Conclusão: Demandas físicas variam durante a realização de pequenos jogos em função do estatuto posicional.Descritores: futebol; desempenho atlético; educação física e treinamento. ABSTRACT Introduction: Small-sided games are used during soccer players' training because they replicate the technical, tactical, physical, and physiological demands in a context similar to the game. However, it is not known if this training method is sufficient to demand the specificities observed in the game in relation to

Existem diferenças nas ações técnicas realizadas por jogadores de diferentes posições durante os pequenos jogos?

“…One of the possible explanations for the result found may be related to the game configuration adopted in the present study. According to literature, the 3v3 configuration allows the appearance of few differences in tactical behavior among athletes of different positions 15 , despite differences in physical performance 5 . At this point, some tactical principles are characterized by a direct action on the ball or on the player with ball possession, such as the tackle-related containment and penetration related to 1x1 actions -allowing the associating them to technical actions analyzed in this study.…”

“…These specific performances demand that the training process should be designed in a specific way by playing position, allowing the achievement of the adaptations necessary for the game. Therefore, recent studies have evaluated the tactical 4 and physical 5 responses of athletes from different positions in training sessions such as small-sided games (SSG), which allow coaches to adjust each game modification in order to facilitate the specific adaptations for players of different positions.…”

“…Previous studies that have pointed out differences in the physical and tactical performance of players due to the playing position in small-sided games used the playing position as a criterion for team composition 4,5 . The main justification for maintaining teams composed of a defender, a midfielder and a forward is the attempt to maintain similar characteristics of playing field by opposing teams 6 .…”

Physical Demand in Soccer Small-Sided Games: Influence of Team Composition

“…Considering the specific physical responses expected for each position, it is desirable that the training process, including the SSG, provide specific stimuli to players from different positions. Indeed, Praça et al 8 confirmed that the 3v3 SSG presents specific demands for players from different positions, which indicates the potential use of SSG for training soccer-specific content.…”

“…In addition, different teams' composition criteria (i.e., criteria used to form teams), such as players' aerobic power 4,5 , technical skills 4 , and tactical knowledge can be adopted to balance teams. The most common strategy to form balanced teams comprises the division of players according to playing positions (e.g., defender, midfielder and forward) 6,7 , although, in some cases, complementary criteria can be adopted, such as players' tactical knowledge 8 .…”