Dementia

Potocnik, Felix

doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v19i3.944

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We identified guidelines for 23/36 countries listed by the WHO GDO as having approved guidelines, protocols, or standards for dementia. We excluded documents for 13 countries listed by the WHO GDO [ 3 ] as they did not meet our criteria of either providing recommendations [ 20 , 21 ], being about dementia care generally [ 22 , 23 ], being approved at a national policy level [ 24 , 25 ], or being applicable to a whole country and expected to be followed by healthcare workers [ 26 – 34 ]. We did not find any relevant documents for Iran.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against discrimination in national dementia guideline recommendations: A systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background National dementia guidelines provide recommendations about the most effective approaches to diagnosis and interventions. Guidelines can improve care, but some groups such as people with minority characteristics may be disadvantaged if recommended approaches are the same for everyone. It is not known if dementia guidelines address specific needs related to patient characteristics. The objectives of this review are to identify which countries have national guidelines for dementia and synthesise recommendations relating to protected characteristics, as defined in the UK Equality Act 2010: age, disability, gender identity, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation. Methods and findings We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Medline databases and the Guideline International Network library from inception to March 4, 2020, for dementia guidelines in any language. We also searched, between April and September 2020, Google and the national health websites of all 196 countries in English and in each country’s official languages. To be included, guidelines had to provide recommendations about dementia, which were expected to be followed by healthcare workers and be approved at a national policy level. We rated quality according to the iCAHE guideline quality checklist. We provide a narrative synthesis of recommendations identified for each protected characteristic, prioritising those from higher-quality guidelines. Forty-six guidelines from 44 countries met our criteria, of which 18 were rated as higher quality. Most guidelines (39/46; 85%) made at least one reference to protected characteristics, and we identified recommendations relating to age, disability, race (or culture, ethnicity, or language), religion, sex, and sexual orientation. Age was the most frequently referenced characteristic (31/46; 67%) followed by race (or culture, ethnicity, or language; 25/46; 54%). Recommendations included specialist investigation and support for younger people affected by dementia and consideration of culture when assessing whether someone had dementia and providing person-centred care. Guidelines recommended considering religion when providing person-centred and end-of-life care. For disability, it was recommended that healthcare workers consider intellectual disability and sensory impairment when assessing for dementia. Most recommendations related to sex recommended not using sex hormones to treat cognitive impairment in men and women. One guideline made one recommendation related to sexual orientation. The main limitation of this study is that we only included national guidelines applicable to a whole country meaning guidelines from countries with differing healthcare systems within the country may have been excluded. Conclusions National guidelines for dementia vary in their consideration of protected characteristics. We found that around a fifth of the world’s countries have guidelines for dementia. We have identified areas of good practice that can be considered for future guidelines and suggest that all guidelines provide specific evidence-based recommendations for minority groups with examples of how to implement them. This will promote equity in the care of people affected by dementia and help to ensure that people with protected characteristics also have high-quality clinical services.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection against discrimination in national dementia guideline recommendations: A systematic review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…81,82,85 Its mechanism of action is a slow reversible or pseudo-irreversible inhibition of both AChE and BuChE. 85,96,97 The oral bioavailability is poor, approximate 40% with T max ranging from 0.5 to 2 hours following oral single-dose administration. 88,98 Plasma protein binding is 40% and Vd is 1.8-2.7 L/kg.…”

Section: Rivastigminementioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Drug Reactions of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Older People Living with Dementia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Ruangritchankul¹,

Chantharit²,

Srisuma³

et al. 2021

TCRM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rising of global geriatric population has contributed to increased prevalence of dementia. Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, such as judgment, language, memory, attention and visuospatial ability. Dementia not only has profoundly devastating physical and psychological health outcomes, but it also poses a considerable healthcare expenditure and burdens. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), or so-called anti-dementia medications, have been developed to delay the progression of neurocognitive disorders and to decrease healthcare needs. AChEIs have been widely prescribed in clinical practice for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, which account for 70% of dementia. The rising use of AChEIs results in increased adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal adverse effects, resulting from overstimulation of peripheral cholinergic activity and muscarinic receptor activation. Changes in pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacogenetics (PGx), and occurrence of drug interactions are said to be major risk factors of ADRs of AChEIs in this population. To date, comprehensive reviews in ADRs of AChEIs have so far been scarcely studied. Therefore, we aimed to recapitulate and update the diverse aspects of AChEIs, including the mechanisms of action, characteristics and risk factors of ADRs, and preventive strategies of their ADRs. The collation of this knowledge is essential to facilitate efforts to reduce ADRs of AChEIs.

show abstract

“…The current worldwide prevalence of dementia is expected to double every 20 years, with twothirds of people with dementia living in developing countries (Potocnik, 2013). Estimates in rural South African communities reach 12%, considerably higher than the worldwide estimate of 4% (De Jager et al, 2017).…”

Section: Background Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: Psychometric analysis of a South African workplace sample

van Wijk,

Meintjes,

Muller

2024

African Journal of Psychological Assessment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test is a widely used tool to screen for mild neurocognitive impairment. However, its structural validity has not been fully described in South Africa. The study aimed to replicate and extend earlier work with South African samples, to provide an expanded description of the psychometric properties of the MoCA. The study examined the MoCA in a sample of neurocognitively healthy working adults (N = 402) and individuals diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorders (N = 42); both groups reported good English proficiency. Analysis included general scale descriptions, and structural and discriminant validity. Age and language, but not gender, influenced MoCA scores, with mean total scores of healthy individuals falling below the universal cut-off. Structural analysis showed that a multidimensional model with a higher-order general factor fit the data well, and measurement invariance for gender and language was confirmed. Discriminant validity was supported, and receiver operating characteristics curve analysis illustrated the potential for grey-zone lower and upper thresholds to identify risk.Contribution: This study replicated previous findings on the effects of age, language and gender, and challenged the universal application of ≤ 26 as cut-off for cognitive impairment indiscriminately across groups or contexts. It emphasised the need for context-specific adaptation in cognitive assessments, especially for non-English first language speakers, to enhance practical utility. Novel to this study, it extended knowledge on the structural validity of the test and introduced grey-zone scores as a potential guide to the identification of risk in resource-restricted settings.

show abstract

Dementia

Abstract: By definition, dementia is an acquired global impairment in memory, personality and intellect in an alert patient, that is sufficiently severe to interfere with social and/or occupational functioning.

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Protection against discrimination in national dementia guideline recommendations: A systematic review

Protection against discrimination in national dementia guideline recommendations: A systematic review

Adverse Drug Reactions of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in Older People Living with Dementia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: Psychometric analysis of a South African workplace sample

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About