Dementia after traumatic brain injury

Starkstein, Sergio E.; Jorge, Ricardo E.

doi:10.1017/s1041610205001973

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Both human postmortem and experimental studies have shown Aβ deposition and tau pathology after TBI [84]. The development of AD-like neuropathological and biochemical changes after severe TBI suggested that TBI may be a risk factor for subsequent development of dementia [85]. Epidemiological studies have provided discrepant findings and the relationship between TBI and dementia remains a topic for further investigation.…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

2007

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SummaryLipid metabolism is of particular interest due to its high concentration in CNS. The importance of lipids in cell signaling and tissue physiology is demonstrated by many CNS disorders and injuries that involve deregulated metabolism. The long suffering lipid field is gaining reputation and respect as evidenced through the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Lipidomics and Pathobiology (COBRE), Lipid MAPS (Metabolites And Pathways Strategy) Consortium sponsored by NIH, European initiatives for decoding the lipids through genomic approaches, and Genomics of Lipidassociated Disorder (GOLD) project initiated by Austrian government. This review attempts to provide an overview of the lipid imbalances associated with neurological disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's; Niemann-Pick; Multiple sclerosis, Huntington, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders and epilepsy) and CNS injury (Stroke, traumatic brain injury; and spinal cord injury) and a few provocative thoughts. Lipidomic analyses along with RNA silencing will provide new insights into the role of lipid intermediates in cell signaling and hopefully open new avenues for prevention or treatment options. KeywordsAlzheimer's disease; Arachidonic acid; CDP-choline; CNS injury; Docosahexaenoic acid; Huntington disease; Lipid peroxidation; Neurodegenerative diseases; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Stroke Lipids and the Central Nervous System (CNS)Phospholipids are important components of all mammalian cells and have a variety of biological functions: 1) formation of lipid bilayers that provide structural integrity necessary for protein function 2) function as an energy reservoir (for example triglycerides) and 3) serve as precursors for various second messengers such as arachidonic acid (ArAc), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), ceramide, 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), phosphatidic acid, and lyso-phosphatidic acid. Lipids comprise a large number of chemically distinct molecules arising from combinations of fatty acids with various backbone structures. Overall, mammalian cells may contain ~1000-2000 lipid species [1]. Lipids are classified into eight categories (fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, prenol lipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides) [2]. Subtypes of these eight lipid classes are given in Table 1 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript metabolism may be of particular importance for the CNS, as this organ has a high concentration of lipids, second only to adipose tissue.Neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, stroke and CNS traumas are problems of vast clinical importance. Currently there exists no cure for these CNS injuries and disorders, resulting in a huge impact on quality of life and an economic burden on society (Table 2, based on the US population statistics). The crucial role of lipids in tissue physiology and cell signaling is demonstrated by the many neurological disorders, including bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, and neurodegenerative ...

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Section: Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

2007

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“…This topic has been recently reviewed by Jellinger (81), who concluded that both Alzheimer's disease and TBI are associated with abnormalities in amyloid and tau protein deposition, and that several epidemiological studies have suggested either that Alzheimer's disease occurs with increased frequency in individuals with TBI or that the age of onset of the disease is reduced after TBI relative to non-injured controls. It may be that the reduced cognitive reserve associated with TBI facilitates earlier symptom manifestation of dementia in individuals destined to develop Alzheimer's disease (82).…”

Section: Relationship Of Tbi To Psychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury: evaluation and management

2008

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal public health problem. A recent review of epidemiological studies in Europe suggests an incidence of 235 hospitalized cases (including fatalities) per 100,000 population (1). In the US, the incidence is estimated at 150 per 100,000 population (2). Less data is available from other regions of the world, but TBI is acknowledged as a significant problem worldwide. Of note is that the incidence rates are calculated from hospitalized cases only, and do not include injured individuals who do not seek or have access to care. Thus, the actual incidence of injury is probably 3 to 4 fold larger than the quoted numbers. Most studies suggest that the incidence rates for TBI are greatest in the second and third decades of life, with a secondary increase in the elderly stemming from falls (2,3). Males are more likely to suffer a TBI than females (2,3).In developed countries, there has been a reduction in the mortality rates associated with TBI over the last several decades, generally attributed to improved systems of trauma care and improved motor vehicle safety design. Many individuals with mild traumatic brain injury and virtually all individuals who survive moderate and severe TBI are left with significant long-term neurobehavioral sequelae (4-6). Thus, the reduction in TBI-associated mortality rates (7) has led to a significant increase in the number of individuals with long-term neurobehavioral disorders related to TBI (8,9).Brain trauma can be caused in a number of ways, including mechanisms which penetrate the substance of the brain (e.g., projectiles) and those that do not. This paper focuses on non-penetrating injuries. Despite different contexts and instruments, the physics and biomechanics underlying damage to the brain from non-penetrating injuries have some common features. This results in certain brain regions being at greater risk for damage than others and allows for some general statements to be made about typical profiles of brain injury associated with trauma. The assessment and treatment of the neurobehavioral sequelae of TBI follow logically from an understanding of this injury profile. RELATIONSHIP OF PROFILE OF INJURY TO NEUROBEHAVIORAL SEQUELAEThere are two broad categories of forces that result in brain injury: contact (or impact) and inertial (acceleration or deceleration). Contact injuries result from the brain coming into contact with an object (which might include the skull, or some external object). Contact mechanisms often result in damage to scalp, skull, and brain surface (e.g., contusions, lacerations, hematomas) (10). Frequent sites of such injury are the anterior temporal poles, lateral and inferior temporal cortices, frontal poles, and orbital frontal cortices.Inertial injury results from rapid acceleration or deceleration of the brain that produces shear, tensile, and compression forces. These forces have maximum impact on axons and blood vessels, resulting in axonal injury, tissue tears, and intracerebral hematomas. These mechanisms also produc...

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“…37 Regarding rehabilitation, older women fared better than men, had shorter length of rehabilitation stay, and had increased use of home health services. 38 Ms. Meyer stressed that gender differences studies may have variable results because of selection bias, sample size, and injury severity; therefore, scientifically rigorous studies are needed.…”

Section: Developing Technologies For the Wounded Warriormentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Challenges in Female Veterans' Health

Resnick

Mallampalli

Carter

2012

Journal of Women's Health

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Women in the U.S. military are technically barred from serving in combat specialties, positions, or units; however, since Operation Desert Storm, women have served in forward positions in greater numbers. This increased involvement in combat zones has resulted in exposures to trauma, injury, and a myriad of environmental hazards associated with modern war. Some of these hazards present new health risks specifically relevant to women who have been deployed to or recently returned from Iraq or Afghanistan or both. To address this evolving public health concern, the Society for Women's Health Research (SWHR) convened a 1-day interdisciplinary scientific conference, with speakers and attendees from civilian, military, and veteran settings. The purpose of the conference was to reveal the state-of-the-science on the health of the female veteran and to focus attention on recent advances in biomedical research related to female veterans' health. The following topics were discussed: mental health (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and depression), urogenital health, musculoskeletal health, and traumatic brain injury (TBI).

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Dementia after traumatic brain injury

Cited by 54 publications

References 66 publications

Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

Role Of Lipids In Brain Injury And Diseases

Neurobehavioral sequelae of traumatic brain injury: evaluation and management

Current Challenges in Female Veterans' Health

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