Dementia and Diabetes Mellitus: Association with Apolipoprotein E4 Polymorphism from a Hospital in Southern India

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the association of Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods. The study included subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) (n = 209), individuals with non-Alzheimer's dementia (nAD) (n = 122), individuals with parental history of AD (f/hAD) (n = 70), and control individuals who had normal cognitive functions and no parental history of dementia (NC) (n = 193). Dementia was diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases-10 revision (ICD-10) criteria. DM was assessed on the basis of self-report and/or use of antidiabetic medications. ApoE genotyping was done using sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Results. ApoE4 allele frequencies were highest among AD with comorbid DM (0.35) followed by AD without DM (0.25), nAD with DM (0.13), nAD without comorbid DM (0.12), and NC (0.08). Frequency of ApoE4 in persons with f/hAD was 0.13. The association of AD with co-morbid DM in ApoE4 carriers was more in comparison to NC with DM (OR = 5.68, P = 0.04). Conclusion. There is a significant association between AD with co-morbid DM and ApoE4 genotype.

Apolipoprotein E–low density lipoprotein receptor interaction affects spatial memory retention and brain ApoE levels in an isoform-dependent manner

“…However, these data do not rule out potential effects of APOE genotype on adipose tissue function, particularly in the context of metabolic challenges such as obesity or diabetes. In fact, several studies show that E4 exacerbates the severity of cognitive dysfunction and risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes (Dore et al, 2003, Irie et al, 2008, Kota et al, 2012, Peila et al, 2002). …”

Risk Factors for Development of Dementia in a Unique Six-Year Cohort Study. I. An Exploratory, Pilot Study of Involvement of the E4 Allele of Apolipoprotein E, Mutations of the Hemochromatosis-HFE Gene, Type 2 Diabetes, and Stroke

“…It is unclear whether diabetes and stroke act independently or synergistically with E4 as a risk factor for dementia. Previous studies of involvement of E4 and diabetes in AD indicate that the two factors in combination are a stronger risk factor than either factor alone, though it is not clear if they act synergistically [34,66,67]. Studies of the involvement of E4 and stroke in dementia are suggestive that the two factors act independently [68,69].…”

Effectiveness of Yoga as the Public Health Intervention Module in the Management of Diabetes and Diabetes Associated Dementia in South East Asia: A Narrative Review

“…A study by Solanki et al [21] reported that 48% of DM patients had characteristics similar to dementia. Positive correlation between DM and dementia was further reported in another study where association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was also indicated [22]. In another study, Khattar et al [23] found cognitive decline in DM patients proving the link between DM and dementia.…”