Demineralisierung von Braunkohle in Kombination mit der mechanisch/thermischen Entwässerung

Wild, Thomas; Bergins, Christian; Strauß, Karl

doi:10.1002/cite.200407014

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…153 Th is has also been shown for the case of some inorganics. 98 to the amount of feed used. Th is has been observed for hydrother mal degradation of cellulose.…”

Section: Solid Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e importance of a solvent for many of the abovementioned reaction mechanisms is evident and (temperature dependent) solubility equilibria represent one major influence on the reaction network. Some of the vast amounts of dissolved compounds present in the liquid phase from hydrothermal treatment have been identified for biomass,98,143,144 cellulose and glucose70,129,145 and lignin 122. Details are discussed in the references given.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Funke

Ziegler

2010

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

1,608

1,028

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Hydrothermal carbonization can be defined as combined dehydration and decarboxy lation of a fuel to raise its carbon content with the aim of achieving a higher calorific value. It is realized by applying elevated temperatures (180-220 o C) to biomass in a suspension with water under saturated pressure for several hours. With this conversion process, a lignite-like, easy to handle fuel with well-defined properties can be created from biomass residues, even with high moisture content. Thus it may contribute to a wider application of biomass for energetic purposes. Although hydrothermal carbonization has been known for nearly a century, it has received little attention in current biomass conversion research. This review summarizes knowledge about the chemical nature of this process from a process design point of view. Reaction mechanisms of hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, aromatization, and condensation polymerization are discussed and evaluated to describe important operational parameters qualitatively. The results are used to derive fundamental process design im provements.

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“…153 Th is has also been shown for the case of some inorganics. 98 to the amount of feed used. Th is has been observed for hydrother mal degradation of cellulose.…”

Section: Solid Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Funke

Ziegler

2010

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

1,608

1,028

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Wild [62], wheat straw can contain about 0.23 wt% of water-soluble chloride in the plant mass, while rice straw can contain even about 0.58 wt%. On the other hand, the fresh loam or soil used may also have higher chloride concentrations due to the characteristics of the arid climate of the region.…”

Section: Ion Chromatography Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Adobe and Mud–Straw for the Restoration and Rehabilitation of Persian Historical Adobe Buildings

Hejazi,

Luz,

Grüner

et al. 2024

Materials

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In the restoration or rehabilitation of traditional buildings, compatible materials with known characteristics must be used. However, the existing literature lacks comprehensive studies on the characterisation of Persian mud–straw plaster, focusing primarily on Persian adobe. Moreover, previous research on Persian adobe has primarily employed XRF and XRD tests, neglecting ion chromatography, moisture sorption isotherm determination, and thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, there is a shortage of information regarding the elemental composition, mineralogical characteristics, moisture sorption behaviour, and thermal properties of Persian mud–straw plaster, as well as Persian adobe bricks. This paper aims to address this research gap by examining historical and new adobe bricks and mud–straw plaster used in Iran, utilising a comprehensive array of analytical techniques. The results from XRF analysis reveal relatively similar chemical compositions across all samples, while XRD analysis indicates predominantly similar mineral phases. Ion chromatography results demonstrate higher conductivity and chloride concentrations in the mud–straw samples than the adobe samples, with higher values for new samples than historical ones. Freshly used straw, clay, or soil may have higher chloride concentrations caused by the arid climate and soil salinisation in the area. Additionally, moisture sorption isotherm determination results show that adobe and mud–straw plaster with a higher salt load of chlorides have significantly higher moisture absorption. The increased straw quantity in the samples increases the moisture content. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that, at low heating, adobe and mud–straw plaster lose water due to dehydration, and at high heating, they lose carbon dioxide due to decarboxylation. The comprehensive characterisation of Persian adobe and mud–straw plaster in this study fills a significant gap in the literature and offers invaluable insights for informing restoration and rehabilitation processes, ensuring the compatibility of the materials used.

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Demineralisierung von Braunkohle in Kombination mit der mechanisch/thermischen Entwässerung

Abstract: No abstracts.

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering

Characterisation of Adobe and Mud–Straw for the Restoration and Rehabilitation of Persian Historical Adobe Buildings

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