Demineralization and Remineralization Dynamics and Dental Caries

Abstract

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of dietary sugars, dental biofilm, and the dental tissue of the host. It results from repeated cycles of demineralization and remineralization at the interface of the biofilm and the tooth surface. Demineralization is the process of removing mineral ions from hydroxyapatite crystals in hard tissues, such as enamel, which can lead to dental caries if left unchecked. The remineralization process can reverse the lost mineral ions that occur during demineralization. The degree of demineralization and remineralization depends on several variables, including the amount of available calcium and phosphate and salivary pH levels. Over the past several decades, remineralizing or calcifying fluids with variable calcium, phosphate, and fluoride formulations have been developed. The management of early caries by remineralization has the potential to significantly advance the noninvasive clinical management of the disease. The chapter outlines the mechanisms by which the demineralization-remineralization process occurs and the use of remineralizing agents that reverse demineralization or enhance remineralization.

Antibacterial and antileishmanial activity of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives

“…1 Dental caries is influenced by multiple factors, is primarily caused by plaque accumulation, and is characterized by dental hard tissue destruction. 2 The disease initiates with salivary proteins adhering to the tooth surface, which triggers plaque formation. Then, bacteria attach to the biofilm, and the acids produced by them lead to demineralization, culminating in caries.…”