“…Solutions are based on concurrent smart contract execution techniques that depend on multi-thread technology with transaction-splitting algorithms and the use of an optimistic Software Transactional Memory system (STMs). Other solutions developed include Arbitrum and Yoda , two-phase concurrency control protocol , Blockumulus (Ivanov & al., 2021), Cloak (Ren et al, 2021), Escort (Lutz & al., 2021), hybrid smart contract architecture (Solaiman & al., 2021), Smart contracts for automated control system (Pradhan & Singh., 2021), Blockchain-based smart contract framework (Vardhini & al., 2021), A Blockchain-based Framework for Information Management on Internet of Vehicles (Wen & al., 2021), SCBAC , blockchain-independent smart contract infrastructure (Saquib & al., 2021), Automating Procurement Contracts , blockauth (Zhaofeng & al., 2021), Blockeye , Clock finance (Babel & al., 2021), Graph Neural Network with expert knowledge , Map-reduce based parallel computation (Muchhala & al., 2021), EtherSolve (Contro & al., 2021), Fortified-Chain (Egala & al., 2021), Two-phase framework based on trusted hardware Intel SGX (Fang & al., 2021), Deserving resource smart contract (DRSC) , Smart Contracts for Verifying DNN Model Generation Process (Seike & al., 2021), Flexible Smart Contract Interaction Framework with Access Control (FSCC) (Li & Asaeda., 2021), and Fasten (Damle & al., 2021).…”